Contents: State of urbanisation in 1980; State of agglomerations in 1980; Trends of urbanisations between 1970-2000; Trends in urban concentration and in the development of agglomerations between 1970-2000; Activities and urbanisation; The underprivileged; Underprivilege, an elusive phenomenon; The household in a transitional society; Differentiating rural and urban underprivileged; Measuring and monitoring the underpriviledged's situation; Societal indicators; Indicators and the underprivileged in urban and rural areas; Public services in urban and rural areas; Housing; Food supply; Underemployment and the residual sector; Elderly, handicapped and children; Women; Rural-urban migration : policy goals and measures for deceleration and redirection; Disincentives for migration; Social problem-solving by collective self-help; Social networks; Effective solidarity ties; Summary of policy recommendations.