Excerpt from Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 1913, Vol. 44 The Future Periphrastic Active in Latin is made up of some part of the verb sum combined with a form in -urus, while in the Passive the combination is with a form in -ndus. The latter was originally a present passive, and had this force been maintained the combination would have been a progressive passive and haec gerenda sunt would have been equal to haec geruntur. But as the regular passive was in common use there was no need for another passive of similar import; the forms in -ndus became future, and combined with sum were used in the expression of obligation. These were both developed functional uses of the gerundive, and there are some specialized uses which indicate the line along which the development of obligation took place. By the side of the forms retaining full verbal force there are others which are verbal adjectives giving, not that which is being done, but that which is worthy of being done. A few words, as praebenda go still further and acquire nominal force, but the larger part are characterizing verbals. Of many available illustrations let a few from Vergil suffice: G. IV, 3, admiranda... spectacula... dicam; Aen. I, 493, haec dum... miranda videntur; G. IV, 283, memoranda inventa magistri pandere; G. m, 294, veneranda Pales. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.