Developments in Biodiesel

Developments in Biodiesel
Author: R Geetha Balakrishna
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 303
Release: 2024-06-28
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1837672547

Transportation remains one of the largest contributors to global carbon dioxide emissions with the majority of vehicles using fossil-based fuels such as gasoline and diesel. Therefore, alternatives that come from a renewable feedstock and create fewer carbon emissions are urgently needed. Biodiesel, an alternative to fossil-based diesel fuel, can be produced from renewable or waste feedstocks such as biomass, animal fats and industrial wastes making it much more sustainable. However, challenges remain in improving and refining the properties of biodiesel, developing production processes and choosing feedstocks with optimal sustainability. Focusing on recent advances in the areas of feedstocks for biodiesel, production processes, and testing and enhancement of properties, Developments in Biodiesel provides a balance between academic and industrial viewpoints across a range of topics. It is an ideal reference for both academics and industrialists interested in sustainable energy, sustainable fuels and biomass/waste valorisation.

Green Fire Retardants for Polymeric Materials

Green Fire Retardants for Polymeric Materials
Author: Pingan Song
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 387
Release: 2023-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 183916980X

Many of the polymers we use every day are highly flammable. Historically, a large number of home fires were caused by ignited polymeric materials until legislation was introduced requiring fire retardants to be added to these materials. Fire retardants increase the time it takes for materials to ignite, providing valuable time to prevent a fire or escape. However, it has become apparent that many of the traditional treatments used as fire retardants are harmful to human health and highly persistent in the environment. With evermore polymeric materials in our homes and lives it is still highly valuable to be able to make fire retardants, but consideration must be given to their environmental impact and sustainability. Green Fire Retardants for Polymeric Materials looks at both the choice of different materials and treatments for improving the fire retardancy of polymeric materials, as well as green approaches to synthesising these fire retardants. It is a timely resource both for green chemists interested in real world applications for their work and polymer scientists keen to increase the sustainability of their products and processes.

Sustainability in TIDES Chemistry

Sustainability in TIDES Chemistry
Author: Alessandra Tolomelli
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 414
Release: 2024-10-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1837674558

Oligopeptides and oligonucleotides, jointly defined as TIDES, have been neglected in the past as potential drugs due to their short half-life and practical difficulties in the manufacturing processes. The consolidation of iterative synthetic techniques, allowing for design of new chemical entities with better pharmaceutical profiles, has led to renewed interest in these compounds. Large scale manufacturing is therefore now required, and it is important that sustainability and green chemistry are considered from the outset. As the two classes display many similarities, advances in sustainable approaches can easily be adapted from one class to the other. This book brings together all of the information on green synthesis of oligopeptides, which is well established, and all of the preliminary data on green oligonucleotides synthesis, creating a resource that will help chemists to bridge the gap between these two areas.

Green Chemistry and Green Materials from Plant Oils and Natural Acids

Green Chemistry and Green Materials from Plant Oils and Natural Acids
Author: Zengshe Liu
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2023-12-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1837671605

There is an increasing awareness that materials and chemicals produced from fossil fuels are not sustainable, both in terms of the pollution caused by the extraction and production processes, and the fact that there is only a finite supply of these fossil fuels. Therefore, there is a strong incentive to find sources for chemicals and materials from source materials that we know we can continue to generate. Plants are a source of a wide variety of chemicals, many with interesting properties, and these chemical feedstocks are considered renewable rather than finite. Green Chemistry and Green Materials from Plant Oils and Natural Acids covers the application of these natural materials in producing polymers, lubricants and plasticisers.

TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization

TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization
Author: Rob Roggema
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2021-01-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 303061977X

This book discusses a spectrum of approaches to designing the food-energy-water nexus at different spatial-urban scales. The book offers a framework for working on the FEW-nexus in a design-led context and integrates the design of urban neighbourhoods and regions with methodologies how to simultaneously engaging residents and stakeholders and evaluating the propositions in a FEW-print, measuring the environmental impact of the different designs. The examples are derived from on the ground practices in Sydney, Tokyo, Detroit, Amsterdam and Belfast.

Toward a PFAS-free Future

Toward a PFAS-free Future
Author: Simona A Bălan
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 191
Release: 2023-11-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1837671427

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are extensively used in consumer products, despite their high persistence and other hazards. The risks posed by this chemical class to human health and the environment, which are increasingly becoming understood, have triggered regulation and policy changes. However, safer alternatives to these technically effective materials and methods to discover and use those alternatives are still under development. Remediation of PFAS contaminated sites will not solve the growing worldwide pollution, but substitution with safer substances at the formulation and manufacturing phases will at least abate the flow of PFASs into our bodies and environment. Introducing safer alternatives to some of the PFASs of concern used in select industry sectors, this book informs the reader about the processes of chemical hazard and alternatives assessment that can foster innovation. It is a valuable resource for both green chemists and industrial chemists interested in how they can make their products safer without compromising on function.

Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century

Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 125
Release: 2019-03-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0309476550

Environmental engineers support the well-being of people and the planet in areas where the two intersect. Over the decades the field has improved countless lives through innovative systems for delivering water, treating waste, and preventing and remediating pollution in air, water, and soil. These achievements are a testament to the multidisciplinary, pragmatic, systems-oriented approach that characterizes environmental engineering. Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century: Addressing Grand Challenges outlines the crucial role for environmental engineers in this period of dramatic growth and change. The report identifies five pressing challenges of the 21st century that environmental engineers are uniquely poised to help advance: sustainably supply food, water, and energy; curb climate change and adapt to its impacts; design a future without pollution and waste; create efficient, healthy, resilient cities; and foster informed decisions and actions.

Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
Author: Jamie C. DeWitt
Publisher: Humana Press
Total Pages: 500
Release: 2015-04-14
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319155180

This book serves as a timely and comprehensive overview of the latest science for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), covering the development of methods for assessing PFASs in biological fluids and tissues as well as the current knowledge regarding their toxicity to vertebrate organisms. This book includes chapters on human and wildlife exposure/body burdens, reviews of metabolism and toxicological effects by organ system/developmental stage and aspects of PFAS toxicity that are driving PFAS research and regulatory oversight. Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances provide critical assessments of the most controversial topics surrounding toxicological evaluation of PFASs to give readers an expert perspective on the issues. Emphasis is placed on the integration of modes and mechanisms of action with functional endpoints that are relevant to human and wildlife health. This book will be a useful resource for toxicologists, environmental chemists, risk assessors and researchers with an interest in the class of compounds known as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Count Down

Count Down
Author: Shanna H. Swan
Publisher: Scribner
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2021-02-23
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 1982113669

In the tradition of Silent Spring and The Sixth Extinction, an urgent, meticulously researched, and groundbreaking book about the ways in which chemicals in the modern environment are changing—and endangering—human sexuality and fertility on the grandest scale, from renowned epidemiologist Shanna Swan. In 2017, author Shanna Swan and her team of researchers completed a major study. They found that over the past four decades, sperm levels among men in Western countries have dropped by more than 50 percent. They came to this conclusion after examining 185 studies involving close to 45,000 healthy men. The result sent shockwaves around the globe—but the story didn’t end there. It turns out our sexual development is changing in broader ways, for both men and women and even other species, and that the modern world is on pace to become an infertile one. How and why could this happen? What is hijacking our fertility and our health? Count Down unpacks these questions, revealing what Swan and other researchers have learned about how both lifestyle and chemical exposures are affecting our fertility, sexual development—potentially including the increase in gender fluidity—and general health as a species. Engagingly explaining the science and repercussions of these worldwide threats and providing simple and practical guidelines for effectively avoiding chemical goods (from water bottles to shaving cream) both as individuals and societies, Count Down is at once an urgent wake-up call, an illuminating read, and a vital tool for the protection of our future.