Tialn Based Coatings At High Pressures And Temperatures
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| Author | : Robert Pilemalm |
| Publisher | : Linköping University Electronic Press |
| Total Pages | : 47 |
| Release | : 2014-11-20 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9175191865 |
TiAlN and TiAlN-based coatings that are used of relevance as protection of cutting tool inserts used in metal machining have been studied. All coatings were deposited by reactive cathodic arc evaporation using industrial scale deposition systems. The metal content of the coatings was varied by using different combinations of compound cathodes. The as-deposited coatings were temperature annealed at ambient pressure and in some cases also at high pressure. The resulting microstructure was first evaluated through a combination of x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, mechanical properties such as hardness by nanoindentation were also reported. TiAlN coatings with two different compositions were deposited on polycrystalline boron nitride substrates and then high pressure high temperature treated in a BELT press at constant 5.35 GPa and at 1050 and 1300 °C for different times. For high pressure high temperature treated TiAlN it has been shown that the decomposition is slower at higher pressure compared to ambeint pressure and that no chemical interaction takes place between TiAlN and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride during the experiments. It is concluded that this film has the potential to protect a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride substrate during metal machining due to a high chemical integrity. TiZrAlN coatings with different predicted driving forces for spinodal decomposition were furthermore annealed at different temperatures. For this material system it has been shown that for Zr-poor compositions the tendency for phase separation between ZrN and AlN is strong at elevated temperatures and that after spinodal decomposition stable TiZrN is formed.
| Author | : Robert Pilemalm |
| Publisher | : Linköping University Electronic Press |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 2019-04-02 |
| Genre | : Non-Classifiable |
| ISBN | : 9176851141 |
Nitrides are used as coatings and thin films for a wide range of applications. The study and use of nitrides in the recent decades have shifted towards ternary, quaternary or even higher order (complex) nitrides. There is an interest to use ternary and quaternary nitrides for machining and thermoelectric materials, because it gives the possibility to choose composition and thereby design the materials properties. This thesis presents research results on TiAlN and and TiAlN-based coatings that are used as hard coatings for machining and on ternary scandium nitrides that are of interest for thin films for thermoelectric applications. The high-pressure high-temperature behavior of cubic TiAlN deposited on cubic boron nitride has been experimentally studied. It has been shown that the spinodal decomposition, which means decomposition into cubic domains enriched in TiN and AlN, is delayed as a result of high pressure compared to ambient pressure. No chemical interaction between coating and substrate occurs. TiZrAlN has been theoretically and experimentally studied at high temperature. The results show that the when Zr-content is decreased and the Al-content is increased the decomposition route changes from nucleation and growth to spinodal decomposition. The microstructure evolution with temperature depends on the initial composition. In the case where the decompositon starts with only spinodal decomposition the microstructure at 1100 °C consists of domains that are larger than in the case where the decomposition occurs by nucleation and growth. ScMN2 (M=V, Nb, Ta) phases have been experimentally demonstrated for M=Nb and Ta in a few studies, but have not been much investigated. In this theseis, their crystal structure, stability, elastic properties, electronic structure and thermoelectric properties have been studied. At 0 K and 0 GPa it has been shown that these three phases are thermodynamically and elastically stable. Additionally, these are narrow-bandgap semiconductors and their thermoelectric properties can be tuned by doping. Pressure has a stabilizing effect on these structures. When pressure increases from 0-150 GPa the elastic constants and moduli increases in the range 53-317 %.
| Author | : Sudhangshu Bose |
| Publisher | : Butterworth-Heinemann |
| Total Pages | : 418 |
| Release | : 2017-11-27 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0128047437 |
High Temperature Coatings, Second Edition, demonstrates how to counteract the thermal effects of rapid corrosion and degradation of exposed materials and equipment that can occur under high operating temperatures. This is the first true practical guide on the use of thermally protective coatings for high-temperature applications, including the latest developments in materials used for protective coatings. It covers the make-up and behavior of such materials under thermal stress and the methods used for applying them to specific types of substrates, as well as invaluable advice on inspection and repair of existing thermal coatings. With his long experience in the aerospace gas turbine industry, the author has compiled the very latest in coating materials and coating technologies, as well as hard-to-find guidance on maintaining and repairing thermal coatings, including appropriate inspection protocols. The book is supplemented with the latest reference information and additional support to help readers find more application- and industry-type coatings specifications and uses. - Offers an overview of the underlying fundamental concepts of thermally-protective coatings, including thermodynamics, energy kinetics, crystallography and equilibrium phases - Covers essential chemistry and physics of underlying substrates, including steels, nickel-iron alloys, nickel-cobalt alloys and titanium alloys - Provides detailed guidance on a wide variety of coating types, including those used against high temperature corrosion and oxidative degradation and thermal barrier coatings
| Author | : Jaime Andres Perez Taborda |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 2019-01-03 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1789848709 |
The field of coatings and thin-film technologies is rapidly advancing to keep up with new uses for semiconductor, optical, tribological, thermoelectric, solar, security, and smart sensing applications, among others. In this sense, thin-film coatings and structures are increasingly sophisticated with more specific properties, new geometries, large areas, the use of heterogeneous materials and flexible and rigid coating substrates to produce thin-film structures with improved performance and properties in response to new challenges that the industry presents. This book aims to provide the reader with a complete overview of the current state of applications and developments in thin-film technology, discussing applications, health and safety in thin films, and presenting reviews and experimental results of recognized experts in the area of coatings and thin-film technologies.
| Author | : Yu-Hsiang Chen |
| Publisher | : Linköping University Electronic Press |
| Total Pages | : 79 |
| Release | : 2018-05-15 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 917685325X |
Hard coating’s thermal stability is essential due to the high temperature environment of high-speed cutting applications, while the phase and microstructure evolution induced by exposing the coating to high temperature affects the mechanical properties. In this thesis, the mechanical stability of arc-evaporated, hard, transition metal nitride coatings annealed at high temperature is analyzed and related to the phase and microstructure evolution. In addition to hardness, fracture toughness is evaluated by surface and cross-sectional investigations by scanning/transmission electron microscopy of damage events following mechanical tests. The crack resistance of Ti1?xAlxN with a range of Al content (x = 0.23-0.82) was studied by contact fatigue tests, where the differences in the microstructure were found to play a major role. Superior mechanical properties were found in Ti0.63Al0.37N; in the as-deposited state as a result of a favorable grain size, and after annealing at 900o C due to the microstructure formed during spinodal decomposition. The mechanical and high-temperature properties of hard coatings can be enhanced by alloying or multi-layering. Within this work, quaternary Ti-Al-X-N (X = Cr, Nb and V) alloys were studied and superior toughness was found for TiAl(Nb)N in both the as-deposited and annealed (1100? C) states. The hexagonal (h)-AlN formation in cubic (c)-TixAl0.37Cr1?0.37?xN (x = 0.03 and 0.16) was analyzed by in-situ x-ray scattering during annealing. The energy for h-AlN formation was found to be dependent on the microstructure evolution during annealing, which varies with the coating composition. High Al content h-ZrAlN/c-TiN and h-ZrAlN/c-ZrN multilayers were investigated through scratch tests followed by focused ion-beam analysis of the crack propagation. A c-Ti(Zr)N phase forms in h-ZrAlN/c-TiN multilayers at high temperatures and that contributes to enhanced hardness and fracture toughness by keeping the semi-coherent sub-interfaces. Finally, an in-situ analysis of coatings by x-ray scattering during a turning process was carried out. It demonstrates the possibility of observation of stress evolution and thermal expansion of the coatings or the work piece material during machining. This experiment provides real-time information on the coating behavior during cutting. Hårda skikts högtemperaturstabilitet är viktig på grund av den höga temperaturskikten utsätts för under skärande bearbetning, och den utveckling av faser och mikrostruktur som då sker påverkar skiktets mekaniska egenskaper. I den här avhandlingen har den mekaniska stabiliteten hos arcförångade, hårda metallnitridskikt som värmebehandlats vid höga temperaturer studerats. Förutom hårdhet har även skiktens seghet utvärderats genom yt- och tvärsnittsstudier av den sprickbildning som uppstår vid mekanisk provning med hjälp av svep- och transmissionselektronmikroskopi. Segheten hos Ti1?xAlxN skikt med varierande Al-halt (x = 0.23-0.82) studerades genom utmattningsprovning och resultaten visar att förändringar i mikrostrukturen spelar en stor roll. Ti0.63Al0.37N skikten hade överlägsna mekaniska egenskaper; på grund av en fördelaktig kornstorlek i de obehandlade skikten och efter värmebehandling som ett resultat av det spinodala sönderfall som skett. De mekaniska egenskaperna och högtemperaturegenskaperna hos hårda skikt kan förbättras genom legering eller genom multilagring. I den här avhandlingen har kvarternära Ti-Al-X-N (X = Cr, Nb eller V) skikt studerats och TiAl(Nb)N skikten hade en överlägsen seghet i både obehandlat och värmebehandlat (1100oC) tillstånd. Bildandet av h-AlN i TixAl0.37Cr1?0.37?xN (x = 0.03 and 0.16) skikt studerades genom in situ röntgenspridning under värmebehandling. Den energi som krävs för att bilda h-AlN beror av mikrostrukturutvecklingen under värmebehandling vilken i sin tur beror av skiktens kemiska sammansättning. h-ZrAlN/c-TiN och h-ZrAlN/c-ZrN multilager med hög Al-halt undersöktes genom reptester följda av tvärsnittsstudier av sprickbildningen genom en analys med en fokuserad jonstråle (FIB). En c-Ti(Zr)N fas bildas vid höga temperaturer i h-ZrAlN/c-TiN multilagren och det bidrar till förhöjd hårdhet och förbättrad seghet på grund av en bibehållen koherens mellan lagren. Slutligen har in situ röntgenspridningsstudier av ytskikt utförts vid svarvning. Studien visar på möjligheten att observera spänning och värmeutvidgning av skikten eller arbetsmaterialet under bearbetning. Experimenten ger information om skiktens beteende under bearbetning i realtid. La estabilidad térmica del recubrimiento es esencial debido a que estos recubrimientos durante su aplicación son utilizados a elevada temperatura y a alta velocidad. Durante dicho proceso, la evolución microestructural afecta a las propiedades mecánicas. En dicha tesis, la estabilidad mecánica de los recubimientos duros base nitruro producidos mediante arco y recocidos a elevada temperatura son analizados y se correlacionado con su transformación de fase. La dureza, la resistencia a la fractura son evaluados mediante la observación tanto superficial como transversal mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido. La resistencia a la propagación de grieta de Ti1?xAlxN con un contenido en Al que fluctúa entre 0.23-0.82 se estudia mediante ensayos de fatiga por contacto, donde la diferencia microstructural juega un papel importante. Las mejores propiedades mecánicas se encentran en las muestras con un 0.63 de Ti donde se ha realizado un proceso de recocido a 900o C debido a la descomposición espinoidal. Las características mecánicas y de alta temperatura de recubrimientos duros pueden ser mejoradas si tenemos un recubrimiento multicapa. Aleaciones cuaternarias de Ti-Al-X-N (X = Cr, Nb y V) son estudiada, y una mejor tenacidad de fractura se encuentra para la muestra TiAl(Nb)N sin tratamiento de recocido como recocida a 1000ºC. La formación del AlN con una estructura hexagonal en la muestra TixAl0.37Cr1?0.37?xN (x = 0.03 y 0.16) son analizadas mediante ensayos in-situ de difracción de rayos X durante el proceso de recocido. Cabe mencionar que la energía cinética para la formación de la AlN con una estructura hexagonal depende del proceso de recocido, la cual hace variar la composición química del recubrimiento. Multicapas de h (hexagonal)-ZrAlN/c (cúbica)-TiN con un elevado contenido de Al son estudiadas mediante ensayos de rayado y la generación de daño es observado mediante la técnica del haz de iones focalizados. Las formas de la fase de c-Ti(Zr)N en las multicapas de (h)-ZrAlN/c-TiN formadas a elevadas temperaturas contribuyen a mejorar la dureza y la tenacidad de fractura manteniendo la semicoherencia en las intercaras entre cada capa. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis in-situ de los diferentes recubrimientos me diante dispersión de rayos X durante un proceso de torneado. En este caso, se demuestra la posibilidad de observar la evolución de las tensiones residuales y de la expansión térmica durante el proceso de conformado. Dicho experimentos proporciona información en tiempo real sobre el comportamiento del recubrimiento en condiciones de servicio.
| Author | : Sam Zhang |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 513 |
| Release | : 2021-08-09 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1000408477 |
Hard or protective coatings are widely used in conventional and modern industries and will continue to play a key role in future manufacturing, especially in the micro and nano areas. Protective Thin Coatings Technology highlights the developments and advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of protective micro-/nanoscaled films and coatings. This book Covers technologies for sputtering of flexible hard nanocoatings, deposition of solid lubricating films, and multilayer transition metal nitrides Describes integrated nanomechanical characterization of hard coatings, corrosion and tribo-corrosion of hard coatings, and high entropy alloy films and coatings Investigates thin films and coatings for high-temperature applications, nanocomposite coatings on magnesium alloys, and the correlation between coating properties and industrial applications Features various aspects of hard coatings, covering advanced sputtering technologies, structural characterizations, and simulations, as well as applications This first volume in the two-volume set, Protective Thin Coatings and Functional Thin Films Technology, will benefit industry professionals and researchers working in areas related to semiconductors, optoelectronics, plasma technology, solid-state energy storages, and 5G, as well as advanced students studying electrical, mechanical, chemical, and material engineering.
| Author | : Management Association, Information Resources |
| Publisher | : IGI Global |
| Total Pages | : 1837 |
| Release | : 2017-01-11 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1522517995 |
The design and study of materials is a pivotal component to new discoveries in the various fields of science and technology. By better understanding the components and structures of materials, researchers can increase its applications across different industries. Materials Science and Engineering: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a compendium of the latest academic material on investigations, technologies, and techniques pertaining to analyzing the synthesis and design of new materials. Through its broad and extensive coverage on a variety of crucial topics, such as nanomaterials, biomaterials, and relevant computational methods, this multi-volume work is an essential reference source for engineers, academics, researchers, students, professionals, and practitioners seeking innovative perspectives in the field of materials science and engineering.
| Author | : Daniel Lundin |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 398 |
| Release | : 2019-08-30 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0128124547 |
High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Fundamentals, Technologies, Challenges and Applications is an in-depth introduction to HiPIMS that emphasizes how this novel sputtering technique differs from conventional magnetron processes in terms of both discharge physics and the resulting thin film characteristics. Ionization of sputtered atoms is discussed in detail for various target materials. In addition, the role of self-sputtering, secondary electron emission and the importance of controlling the process gas dynamics, both inert and reactive gases, are examined in detail with an aim to generate stable HiPIMS processes. Lastly, the book also looks at how to characterize the HiPIMS discharge, including essential diagnostic equipment. Experimental results and simulations based on industrially relevant material systems are used to illustrate mechanisms controlling nucleation kinetics, column formation and microstructure evolution.
| Author | : Mark J. Jackson |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 2015-08-20 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3319190091 |
This book focuses on the state-of-the-art developments in machining with nanomaterials. Numerous in-depth case studies illustrate the practical use of nanomaterials in industry, including how thin film nanostructures can be applied to solving machining problems and how coatings can improve tool life and reduce machining costs in an environmentally acceptable way. Chapters include discussions on, among other things: Comparisons of re-coated cutting tools and re-ground drills The modeling and machining of medical materials, particularly implants, for optimum biocompatibility including corrosion resistance, bio adhesiveness, and elasticity Recent developments in machining difficult-to-cut materials, as well as machining brittle materials using nanostructured diamond tools Spindle Speed Variation (SSV) for machining chatter suppression Nano grinding with abrasives to produce micro- and nano fluidic devices. The importance of proper design of cutting tools, including milling tools, single point turning tools, and micro cutting tools is reinforced throughout the book. This is an ideal book for engineers in industry, practitioners, students, teachers, and researchers.
| Author | : Junlan Wang |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 105 |
| Release | : 2017-10-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3319628348 |
Mechanics of Additive and Advanced Manufacturing, Volume 9 of the Proceedings of the 2017 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the ninth volume of nine from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies, including: Design, Optimization Experiments Computations Materials for Advanced Manufacturing Processes (3D printing, micro- and nano-manufacturing, powder bed fusion, directed energy deposition, etc.) Mechanics Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing (e.g. mechanical properties, residual stress, deformation, failure, rate-dependent mechanical behavior, etc.)
