The Behavior of Institutional Investors

The Behavior of Institutional Investors
Author: Alexander Pütz
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2012
Genre: Index mutual funds
ISBN: 9783832531898

Institutional investors such as mutual funds and hedge funds play an important role in today's financial markets. This thesis consists of three essays which empirically study the behavior of active fund managers. In particular, the first essay investigates whether managers behave rationally or if some of them unconsciously make wrong investment decisions due to behavioral biases. The second essay examines whether some managers intentionally act to solely advance their own interests by strategically valuing the security positions in their portfolio. The third essay analyzes what the managers' education reveals about their investment behavior.

Three Essays on the Informativeness of Investment Company Disclosure

Three Essays on the Informativeness of Investment Company Disclosure
Author: Stephen Bradley Daughdrill
Publisher:
Total Pages: 181
Release: 2015
Genre: Electronic dissertations
ISBN:

This dissertation consists of three essays on the strategic qualitative disclosure decisions of hedge funds and mutual funds. The dissertation research seeks to contribute to a new understanding of the relationship between the content of fund filings and behavioral tendencies of fund stakeholders including management and investors. In the first essay, I evaluate the use of strategic disclosure by hedge fund management in order to conceal reporting inconsistencies. I inspect fund returns using a series of nine performance tests and identify a significant number of hedge funds with irregular return patterns. Using text-based analysis, I assess the qualitative content of strategy statements and find funds with suspicious performance produce distinct disclosure in regards to word choice. I conclude that these funds attempt to reduce detection by designing strategy descriptions that deviate from industry peers. My results come in contrast to prior evidence on herding tendencies and persist using alternative variable definitions and model specifications. The second essay investigates the impact of hedge fund strategic qualitative disclosure choices on fund investment. Specifically, I examine fund strategy descriptions using text-based analysis and study the relationship between the measures and hedge fund flows. In both the univariate and multivariate settings, I find strong evidence that the textual composition of fund filings can contribute to a fund's ability to attract investors. Overall, this essay finds support for the assertion that disclosure content influences investor decision-making. The findings are robust to alternative variable definitions and model specifications. In the third essay, I examine the effects of mutual fund filing composition on the ability of funds to attract investors. Using a large sample of U.S., open-ended mutual funds, I compute textual similarity and readability measures of the Investment Objective-Strategy and Principal Risk sections and examine the relationship with mutual fund flows. In the univariate setting, readability and similarity are drivers of mutual fund flows. After the inclusion of common fund flow controls and alternative model specifications, the explanatory power of the textual measures is partially reduced. Overall, I find mixed evidence that mutual fund investors use disclosure as a means to make investment decisions.

Three Essays in Investments

Three Essays in Investments
Author: Luqi Xu
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2021
Genre: Electronic dissertations
ISBN:

Sentiment is an important concept in economics and finance and has been the focus of many studies. Individual investors, professional investors, corporate managers, and households have sentiments on the economy and financial markets which affect their decisions, and hence economic activities and asset prices. Measuring sentiment and determining what factors affect it have significant importance in finance research. My dissertation studies this subject by introducing state-of-the-art methods from artificial intelligence to measure the sentiment in several sources of business text data, that is, public firms disclosures and mutual funds reports. I investigate the information content, determinants, and the effects of the sentiments on asset prices and investment decisions of investors. In chapter one, we use a novel text classification approach from deep learning to accurately measure sentiment in a large sample of 10-Ks. In contrast to prior literature, we find that both positive and negative sentiments predict abnormal returns and abnormal trading volume around the 10-K filing date and future firm fundamentals and policies. Our results suggest that the qualitative information contained in corporate annual reports is richer than previously found. In chapter two, I study the sentiment of mutual fund managers towards the stock market. Using a direct measure of managers market expectations extracted from mutual funds semi-annual reports, I find that fund managers extrapolate their funds past performance into their market outlook. Funds with managers who have higher market expectation take more risk by increasing their equity holdings and the beta of their equity portfolios, but underperform subsequently. In chapter three, we study the sentiment of mutual fund managers about specific stocks in their portfolios. We study some mutual funds practice of voluntarily disclosing investment ideas in their annual reports. The practice involves, at a minimum, expressing views on stocks which fund managers are optimistic about. We find that managers of larger and better performing funds discuss positions that have recently underperformed, those that make up larger portions of their portfolios, and those they have held for longer periods. Our findings suggest that managers disclose these recommendations to boost their own fund performance and to attract additional capital.

Three Essays on Mutual Funds

Three Essays on Mutual Funds
Author: Xuemei Guo
Publisher:
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

This dissertation investigates the determinants of mutual fund flows and mutual fund performance. The first chapter examines the response of fund investors to style volatility and the impact of style volatility on the flow-performance relationship. Three main empirical findings are obtained using both a portfolio approach and a multivariate regression approach. First, I find that there is a significant positive relationship between the style volatility and the subsequent fund flows to mutual funds. This finding can be interpreted as either fund managers having style timing ability or fund managers catering to investors preferences or tastes. Second, the positive relationship between past style volatility and fund flows is less pronounced for funds with superior past performance. Lastly, fund style volatility has a dampening effect on the flow-performance relationship: the flow-performance sensitivity weakens by 12% when the past style volatility increases by one standard deviation. It is likely that performance is perceived as a less informative signal of investment ability for fund managers who follow inconsistent styles over time. The second chapter studies how the response of fund investors to past risk varies over business cycles. I employ the NBER boom indicator, the Consumer Sentiment Index, and the National Activity Index to proxy for economic conditions. I find that mutual fund investors react differently to risk across economic environments. Funds with more volatile past returns discourage fund investors. The investors’ demand for actively managed funds is higher under good market conditions. Fund flows are less responsive to risk during expansionary economic periods. This finding may indicate that fund investors are risk averse and become less risk averse in good market states. The third chapter empirically examines whether mutual fund performance is affected by prior family performance. I propose two testable hypotheses: the information and resource sharing hypothesis and the cross-fund subsidization hypothesis. The empirical findings suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between prior family performance and subsequent fund performance. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that mutual funds in the same family share informational resources. This positive relation also justifies the finding in the mutual fund flow literature that fund flows are higher for funds with higher past family performance. Furthermore, I find that the predictive power of the prior family performance is stronger in larger fund families.

Three Perspectives of Mutual Fund Performance

Three Perspectives of Mutual Fund Performance
Author: Steve A. Nenninger
Publisher:
Total Pages: 88
Release: 2009
Genre:
ISBN:

This dissertation examines mutual fund performance from the points of view of three distinct, but interrelated parties: individual investors, financial advisors, and the boards of directors of mutual fund companies. In the first essay, the flow-performance sensitivity of no-load funds and the three main classes of load fund shares are compared, assuming investment advisors are more likely to guide the decision-making process of load fund investors. In the second essay, the timing of the decision to replace fund managers is examined. In the third essay, performance of actively managed mutual funds are separately examined during good and bad states of the market to test whether mutual funds perform differently under different market conditions.

Mutual Funds

Mutual Funds
Author: John Haslem
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 592
Release: 2009-02-09
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1405142030

This authoritative book enables readers to evaluate the variousperformance and risk attributes of mutual funds, while also servingas a comprehensive resource for students, academics, and generalinvestors alike. Avoiding the less useful descriptive approach tofund selection, this book employs a balanced approach includingboth technique and application. The chapters combine clearsummaries of existing research with practical guidelines for mutualfund analysis. Enables readers to analyze mutual funds by evaluating a fund'svarious performance and risk attributes. Includes templates, which provide an efficient, sound approachto fund analysis, interpretation of results, buy/sell decisions,and the timing of decisions. Combines clear summaries of existing research with practicalguidelines for mutual fund analysis.

Essays on Mutual Funds

Essays on Mutual Funds
Author: Xiang Kang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 270
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

This dissertation is composed of two empirical studies on mutual funds. Chapter 1 studies the implication of the timing of mutual fund entry for subsequent long-term fund performance. As fund companies choose when to open new funds and what investment styles they practice, these choices may be informative about the fund qualities. I empirically explore the relation between entrant fund performance and past style performance. By examining a sample of 2,801 mutual fund entrant during the period of 1991--2015, I find that entrant funds with investment styles that have recently performed well tend to underperform in the future. The post-entry performance of hot style entrants is worse than both the post-entry performance of cold style entrants and the concurrent performance of incumbents in the same style categories. The empirical findings are unlikely to be driven by stock-level return reversals or competition among mutual funds, but consistent with fund investors practicing style investing and extrapolating their beliefs on style returns, leading to lower entry thresholds for fund managers in hot investment styles. Chapter 2 includes my joint work with David Xiaoyu Xu on how regulations in the Chinese stock market can affect investor behavior in the mutual fund market. We show that trading suspension, a regulatory policy on stock trading activities, gives rise to stale mutual fund NAVs and indirectly affects fund investors' behavior. Using a sample of 3,205 long-term trading suspension events in China during 2004--2018, we find that opportunistic investors combine firm-specific news and fund portfolio reports to make investment decisions. Quarterly fund flows positively respond to suspended portfolio stocks' unrealized impact on fund NAVs. Such responses are stronger for impactful good news, and portfolio disclosure plays a key role in this mechanism. Our findings suggest the need for a better integrated financial regulatory framework in emerging markets