Thermomechanical State Of The Southern Central Andes
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Author | : Constanza Rodriguez Piceda |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2022* |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
The Andes are a ~7000 km long N-S trending mountain range developed along the South American western continental margin. Driven by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the continental South American plate, the formation of the northern and central parts of the orogen is a type case for a non-collisional orogeny. In the southern Central Andes (SCA, 29°S-39°S), the oceanic plate changes the subduction angle between 33°S and 35°S from almost horizontal (
Author | : Federico Ibarra |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2021* |
Genre | : Andes |
ISBN | : |
The Central Andes region in South America is characterized by a complex and heterogeneous deformation system. Recorded seismic activity and mapped neotectonic structures indicate that most of the intraplate deformation is located along the margins of the orogen, in the transitions to the foreland and the forearc. Furthermore, the actively deforming provinces of the foreland exhibit distinct deformation styles that vary along strike, as well as characteristic distributions of seismicity with depth. The style of deformation transitions from thin-skinned in the north to thick-skinned in the south, and the thickness of the seismogenic layer increases to the south. Based on geological/geophysical observations and numerical modelling, the most commonly invoked causes for the observed heterogeneity are the variations in sediment thickness and composition, the presence of inherited structures, and changes in the dip of the subducting Nazca plate. However, there are still no comprehensive investigations on the relationship between the ...
Author | : Chris Salomon |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2020* |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
The western margin of central South America is one of the best studied regions of subduction zones. The oceanic Nazca plate descends beneath the continental South American plate at an oceanward concave trench. This form of the trench is unique on Earth and lead to the formation of the Andes. Here, I focus on a three-dimensional thermomechanical finite element model along the north Chilean margin. At first a reference model with simplified geometry reaching down to 400 km depth is created that makes use of an elasto-viscoplastic rheology including shear heating along the plate interface. The subduction process is simulated for geologically short timescales to reflect the recent state of subduction and the model results are in first-order agreement with observations. The model is analyzed within the framework of a parametric study revealing the most important parameters to be convergence and slab pull velocity, type and number of elements of the finite element mesh, type of rheology, cohesion, friction coefficient and angle of internal friction. Because of its lower thickness the oceanic crust is generally more affected by changes in these parameters than the continental crust. The final model includes a realistic geometry and density distribution that is based on a well constrained density model, not considering topography and bathymetry. It simulates 100,000 years of subduction and accounts for elastic deformations. The geometry has a major impact on the model results causing significant differences between the northern and southern parts of the model. This, as well as the final distributions of shear stress, strain rate and heat flux is in good agreement with observations from global models except for the magmatic arc because inelastic deformations are neglected. The usage of a realistic geometry and density distribution for finite element simulations of subduction zones can thus help to significantly improve future geodynamic models.
Author | : Heinrich Bahlburg |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 338 |
Release | : 2006-04-11 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3540459049 |
This volume gives an overview of the geotectonic evolution of the Central Andes. The contributions cover the whole spectrum of geoscientific research: geology, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics and geomorphology. They deal with the period from late Precambrium up to the youngest phenomena in the Quaternary. The book is of value for regional geologists as well as for scientists interested in orogenic processes related to active continental margins.
Author | : Chris Salomon |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2020* |
Genre | : Subduction zones |
ISBN | : |
The western margin of central South America is one of the best studied regions of subduction zones. The oceanic Nazca plate descends beneath the continental South American plate at an oceanward concave trench. This form of the trench is unique on Earth and lead to the formation of the Andes. Here, I focus on a three-dimensional thermomechanical finite element model along the north Chilean margin. At first a reference model with simplified geometry reaching down to 400 km depth is created that makes use of an elasto-viscoplastic rheology including shear heating along the plate interface. The subduction process is simulated for geologically short timescales to reflect the recent state of subduction and the model results are in first-order agreement with observations. The model is analyzed within the framework of a parametric study revealing the most important parameters to be convergence and slab pull velocity, type and number of elements of the finite element mesh, type of rheology, cohesion, friction coefficient and angle of internal friction. Because of its lower thickness the oceanic crust is generally more affected by changes in these parameters than the continental crust. The final model includes a realistic geometry and density distribution that is based on a well constrained density model, not considering topography and bathymetry. It simulates 100,000 years of subduction and accounts for elastic deformations. The geometry has a major impact on the model results causing significant differences between the northern and southern parts of the model. This, as well as the final distributions of shear stress, strain rate and heat flux is in good agreement with observations from global models except for the magmatic arc because inelastic deformations are neglected. The usage of a realistic geometry and density distribution for finite element simulations of subduction zones can thus help to significantly improve future geodynamic models.
Author | : Onno Oncken |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 574 |
Release | : 2006-11-22 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3540486844 |
This book provides the first comprehensive overview of a complete subduction orogen, the Andes. To date the results provide the densest and most highly resolved geophysical image of an active subduction orogen.
Author | : Zhong-Hai Li |
Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
Total Pages | : 244 |
Release | : 2022-11-07 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 2832502989 |
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1988 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : |
Publisher | : American Geophysical Union |
Total Pages | : 224 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Desert ecology |
ISBN | : 9780875905 |
Presents information from the primary abiotic forces defining the system, and from the present hydrology, biogeochemistry and physics of major sites of organic carbon production of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Additionally, research on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the dry valley soils is included. The role of environmental management in long-term ecological studies is also addressed. The accompanying CDROM provides details and scale to visualize the McMurdo Dry Valleys from an ecosystem perspective.
Author | : Susanne Janita Henriët Buiter |
Publisher | : Geological Society of London |
Total Pages | : 462 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781862391918 |
The crust of the Earth records the deformational processes of the inner Earth and the influence of the overlying atmosphere. The state of the Earth's crust at any time is therefore the result of internal and external processes, which occur on different time and spatial scales. In recent years important steps forward in the understanding of such complex processes have been made by integrating theory and observations with experimental and computer models. This volume presents state-of-the-art analogue and numerical models of processes that alter the Earth's crust. It shows the application of models in a broad range of geological problems with careful documentation of the modelling approach used. This volume contains contributions on analogue and numerical sandbox models, models of orogenic processes, models of sedimentary basins, models of surface processes and deformation, and models of faults and fluid flow.