Physiologus

Physiologus
Author:
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 142
Release: 2009-10-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 0226128717

One of the most popular and widely read books of the Middle Ages, Physiologus contains allegories of beasts, stones, and trees both real and imaginary, infused by their anonymous author with the spirit of Christian moral and mystical teaching. Accompanied by an introduction that explains the origins, history, and literary value of this curious text, this volume also reproduces twenty woodcuts from the 1587 version. Originally composed in the fourth century in Greek, and translated into dozens of versions through the centuries, Physiologus will delight readers with its ancient tales of ant-lions, centaurs, and hedgehogs—and their allegorical significance. “An elegant little book . . . still diverting to look at today. . . . The woodcuts reproduced from the 1587 Rome edition are alone worth the price of the book.”—Raymond A. Sokolov, New York Times Book Review

Novus Phisiologus

Novus Phisiologus
Author: Orbàn
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 111
Release: 2022-04-25
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 9004473998

The only known text witness of the Novus Phisiologus which was written between 1294 and 1298, in all probability in Germany, is the MS 2780 of the Darmstadt Library. The work cannot, despite its title, be included among the known Latin versions of the Physiologus. In contrast to the old Latin Physiologus this Novus Phisiologus leaves out the trees and stones, but on the other hand treats the animals which it and the Latin Physiologus take on board in the descriptive part but also in the allegorically interpretative part in far more depth and detail than is the case in the Latin Physiologus. The Novus Phisiologus provides a mass of detail, of which the Latin versions of the Physiologus do not even seem to be aware. The Novus Phisiologus is a poem of 1400 lines composed partly of hexameters and partly of couplets, and contains the following parts: Prologus, De homine, De quadrupedibus, De avibus, De reptilibus, De minutis animalibus and De anima.

Animal Skins and the Reading Self in Medieval Latin and French Bestiaries

Animal Skins and the Reading Self in Medieval Latin and French Bestiaries
Author: Sarah Kay
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 244
Release: 2017-02-24
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 022643687X

Just like we do today, people in medieval times struggled with the concept of human exceptionalism and the significance of other creatures. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the medieval bestiary. Sarah Kay’s exploration of French and Latin bestiaries offers fresh insight into how this prominent genre challenged the boundary between its human readers and other animals. Bestiaries present accounts of animals whose fantastic behaviors should be imitated or avoided, depending on the given trait. In a highly original argument, Kay suggests that the association of beasts with books is here both literal and material, as nearly all surviving bestiaries are copied on parchment made of animal skin, which also resembles human skin. Using a rich array of examples, she shows how the content and materiality of bestiaries are linked due to the continual references in the texts to the skins of other animals, as well as the ways in which the pages themselves repeatedly—and at times, it would seem, deliberately—intervene in the reading process. A vital contribution to animal studies and medieval manuscript studies, this book sheds new light on the European bestiary and its profound power to shape readers’ own identities.

Typographorum Emblemata

Typographorum Emblemata
Author: Anja Wolkenhauer
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 442
Release: 2018-02-05
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 3110430274

This collection of specially commissioned articles aims to shed light on the Early Modern printer's mark, a very productive Early Modern word-image so far only occasionally noted outside the domain of book history. This collection of 17 specially commissioned articles aims to shed light on the European printer’s mark, a very productive Early Modern word-image genre so far only occasionally noted outside the domain of book history. It does so from the perspectives of book history, literary history, especially emblem scholarship, and art history. The various contributions to the volume address issues such as those of the adoption of printer's devices in the place of the older heraldic printer's marks as a symptom of the changing self-image of the representatives of the Early Modern printing profession, of the mutual influence of emblems and printer's marks, of the place of Classical learning in the design of Humanist printer's marks, of the economic factors involved in the evolution of Early Modern printer's marks, the pictorial topics of the Early Modern printer's mark, and the printer's mark as a result of the 'Verbürgerlichung' of the device of Early Modern nobility. Special care was taken to account for the similarities and differences of the printer's marks produced and used in different regional and cultural contexts. The printer’s mark thus becomes visible as a European phenomenon that invites studying some of the most significant shared aspects of Early Modern culture. Preface/ Beginnings and Provenances: A. Wolkenhauer: Sisters, or Mother and Daughter? The Relationship between Printer’s Marks and Emblems during the First Hundred Years/ A. Bässler: Ekphrasis and Printer’s Signets/ L. Houwen: Beastly Devices: Early Printers’ Marks and Their Medieval Origins/ H. Meeus: From Nameplate to Emblem. The Evolution of the Printer’s Device in the Southern Low Countries up to 1600/ Regions and Places: K. Sp. Staikos: Heraldic and Symbolic Printer’s Devices of Greek Printers in Italy (15th-16th century)/ A. Jakimyszyn-Gadocha: Jewish Printers’ Marks from Poland (16th-17th centuries)/ J. A. Tomicka: Fama typographica. In Search of the Emblem Form of Printer’s Devices. The Iconography and Emblem Form of Printer’s Devices in 16th- and 17th-Century Poland/ P. Hoftijzer: Pallas Nostra Salus. Early-Modern Printer’s Marks in Leiden as Expressions of Professional and Personal Identity/ D. Peil: Early Modern Munich Printer’s Marks (and Related Issues)/ K. Lundblad: The Printer’s Mark in Early Modern Sweden/ S. Hufnagel: Iceland’s Lack of Printer’s Devices: Filling a Functional and Spatial Void in Printed Books during the Sixteenth Century/ Concepts, Historical and Systematic: B.F. Scholz: The Truth of Printer’s Marks: Andrea Alciato On ‘Aldo’s Anchor’, ‘Froben’s Dove’ and ‘Calvo’s Elephant’. A Closer Look at Alciato’s Concept of the Printer’s Mark./ V. Hayaert: The Legal Significance and Humanist Ethos of Printers’ Insignia/ J. Kiliańczyk-Zięba: The Transition of the Printer’s Device from a Sign of Identification to a Symbol of Aspirations and Beliefs/ Judit Vizkelety-Ecsedy: Mottos in Printers’ Devices – Thoughts about the Hungarian Usage/ M. Simon: European Printers’ and Publishers’ Marks in the 18th Century. The Three C’s: Conformity, Continuity and Change/ B.F. Scholz: In Place of an Afterword: Notes on Ordering the Corpus of the Early Modern Printer’s Mark/ Research Bibliography: The Early Modern Printer’s Mark in its Cultural Contexts/ Index (Names, Places, Motti).

The Return of Astraea

The Return of Astraea
Author: Frederick A. de Armas
Publisher: University Press of Kentucky
Total Pages: 395
Release: 2021-03-17
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 0813181933

In classical mythology Astraea, the goddess of justice, chastity, and truth, was the last of the immortals to leave Earth with the decline of the ages. Her return was to signal the dawn of a new Golden Age. This myth not only survived the Christian Middle Ages but also became a commonplace in the Renaissance when courtly poets praised their patrons and princes by claiming that Astraea guided them. The literary cult of Astraea persisted in the sixteenth century as writers saw in Elizabeth I of England the imperial Astraea who would lead mankind to peace through universal rule. This and other late flowerings of the Astraea myth should not be taken as the final phases of her history. Frederick A. de Armas documents in this book what may well be the last great rebirth of Astraea, one that is probably of greater political, religious, and literary significance than others previously described by historians and literary critics. The Return of Astraea focuses on the seventeenth-century Spanish playwright Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and analyzes the deity's presence in thirteen of his plays, including his masterpiece, La Vida es Sueho. Her popularity in this period is partially attributed to political motives, reflecting the aspirations and fears of the Spanish monarch Philip IV. In this broad study, grounded on such diverse fields as astrology, iconography, history, mythology, and philosophy, de Armas explains that Astraea adopts many guises in Calderón's dramas. Ranging from the Kabbalah to Platonic thought and from satires on Olivares to cosmogonic myths, he analyzes and reinterprets Calderón's theater from a wide range of perspectives centered on the playwright's utilization of the myth of Astraea. The book thus represents a new view of Calderón's dramaturgy and also documents the popularity and significance of this astral-imperial myth during the Spanish Golden Age.

The Phoenix

The Phoenix
Author: Joe Nigg
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 514
Release: 2016-11-04
Genre: History
ISBN: 022619549X

Arising triumphantly from the ashes of its predecessor, the phoenix has been an enduring symbol of resilience and renewal for thousands of years. But how did this mythical bird become so famous that it has played a part in cultures around the world and throughout human history? How much of its story do we actually know? Here to offer a comprehensive biography and engaging (un)natural history of the phoenix is Joseph Nigg, esteemed expert on otherworldly creatures from dragons to gryphons to sea monsters. Beginning in ancient Egypt and traveling around the globe and through the centuries, Nigg's vast and sweeping narrative takes readers on a brilliant tour of the cross-cultural lore of this famous, yet little-known, immortal bird. This entertaining and informative look at the life and transformation of the phoenix will be the authoritative source for anyone fascinated by folklore and mythology, re-igniting our curiosity about one of myth's greatest beasts.

The Fables of Odo of Cheriton

The Fables of Odo of Cheriton
Author: John C. Jacobs
Publisher: Syracuse University Press
Total Pages: 220
Release: 1985-04-01
Genre: Fiction
ISBN: 9780815623267

This is one of the first complete collections of medieval Latin fables to appear in modern English. Odo of Cheriton (c. 1185- c. 1247) wrote sophisticated fables, filled with great wit and humor, yet highly moral, even didactic, in keeping with the age in which he lived—one vigorous in religious, philosophic, scientific, and social debate and conflict. Jacobs’ translation of the 117 fables makes them available to a new readership at a time when interest in fables, parables, and fairy tales is growing. In addition to the fables themselves, Jacobs has provided a substantial Introduction which discusses Odo of Cheriton’s life and his 13th-century world. As the first comprehensive discussion of Odo’s career and critical analysis of the fables, the Introduction will interest medievalists and a broad range of readers. Drawing upon modern critical techniques, Jacobs sheds new light on medieval narrative and modes of interpretation. He also shows how the moralizing commentaries attached to representative fables are integral to the fables’ narrative art. The text is illustrated with seventeen exceptional sketches taken from the album of Villard de Honnecourt— a near contemporary of Odo. These drawings have a fluid vitality which perfectly complements the delightful narratives.

Introducing the Medieval Ass

Introducing the Medieval Ass
Author: Kathryn L. Smithies
Publisher: University of Wales Press
Total Pages: 138
Release: 2020-09-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 1786836246

This is the first book dedicated to the medieval ass It appeals to a multi-Audience: interested lay readership; accessible, introductory and undergraduate level book; scholar This book explains how the medieval ass was an arse, an idiot, a violent hot-tempered sexed-up brute that ate the balls of its own male offspring. Conversely, the ass was also a humble, patient, loyal, hard-working Christian animal (marked with a cross) that Christ rode into Jerusalem. These paradoxical qualities are explored in this book and open up a wealth of information on how people in the Middle Ages viewed the ass, not just as a simple beast of burden, but also as a figure to warn and to educate, to expose human failings and praise the divine. Introducing the Medieval Ass reveals medieval attitudes to animals, to people, and to the divine, making it an excellent way to approach medieval cultural and animal studies.