This manual is a guide for field artillery officers and commanders and staffs of all combat arms. It is concerned with the tactical employment of field artillery. It covers organization, command, and tactical control of field artillery. It includes a discussion of the techniques involved in target intelligence and analysis, field artillery fire planning, and the direction of field artillery fires. It includes a general discussion of the principles, organization and techniques of coordination of fire support with particular emphasis given to field artillery aspects. The employment of field artillery in airborne, amphibious, and other special operations is covered. Where the term artillery is used in this manual, it refers to field artillery. For employment of air defense artillery, see FM 44-1 and other manuals of the 44-series. For additional references, see appendix I. The material presented herein is applicable without modification to both nuclear and nonnuclear warfare."