The Stability Of The Gold Standard And The Evolution Of The International Monetary System
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France and the Breakdown of the Bretton Woods International Monetary System
Author | : Ms.Dominique Simard |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 58 |
Release | : 1994-10-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451935366 |
The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931
Author | : Michael D. Bordo |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 694 |
Release | : 2009-02-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0226066924 |
This is a timely review of the gold standard covering the 110 years of its operation until 1931, when Britain abandoned it in the midst of the Depression. Current dissatisfaction with floating rates of exchange has spurred interest in a return to a commodity standard. The studies in this volume were designed to gain a better understanding of the historical gold standard, but they also throw light on the question of whether restoring it today could help cure inflation, high interest rates, and low productivity growth. The volume includes a review of the literature on the classical gold standard; studies the experience with gold in England, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and Canada; and perspectives on international linkages and the stability of price-level trends under the gold standard. The articles and commentaries reflect strong, conflicting views among hte participants on issues of central bank behavior, purchasing-power an interest-rate parity, independent monetary policies, economic growth, the "Atlantic economy," and trends in commodity prices and long-term interest rates. This is a thoughtful and provocative book.
The Stability of the Gold Standard and the Evolution of the International Monetary System
Author | : Mr.Tamim Bayoumi |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 32 |
Release | : 1995-09-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451851243 |
This paper examines some popular explanations for the smooth operation of the pre-1914 gold standard. We find that the rapid adjustment of economies to underlying disturbances played an important role in stabilizing output and employment under the gold standard system, but no evidence that this success also reflected relatively small underlying disturbances. Finally, the paper also suggests an explanation for the evolution of the international monetary system based on growing nominal inertia over time.
The Stability of the Gold Standard and the Evolution of the International Monetary System
Author | : Tamim Bayoumi |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 32 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
This paper examines some popular explanations for the smooth operation of the pre-1914 gold standard. We find that the rapid adjustment of economies to underlying disturbances played an important role in stabilizing output and employment under the gold standard system, but no evidence that this success also reflected relatively small underlying disturbances. Finally, the paper also suggests an explanation for the evolution of the international monetary system based on growing nominal inertia over time.
Rethinking the International Monetary System
Author | : Jane Sneddon Little |
Publisher | : University Press of the Pacific |
Total Pages | : 304 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
According to a recent World Bank study, the Asian crisis led to a significant rise in poverty and sharp declines in middle-class living standards in the countries most affected. Real public spending on health and education fell, with poor households experiencing the largest declines in access to these services. The impact of decreased investment in human capital will have consequences for individuals and whole societies for years to come. Because these external shocks occurred very shortly after these countries had liberalized their capital markets, they have engendered a growing distrust of globalization in many parts of the world. We owe it to the people of the developing countries, as well as to ourselves, to consider how institutional or policy changes could moderate such setbacks in the future. For all these reasons, this conference seemed a good time to pause and consider the implications of recent events, institutional changes, and new research for the evolution of the international monetary system. Representing frontline countries and frontline institutions, many of the conference participants had struggled firsthand with the dilemmas posed by the recent crises. Thus, they brought unique perspectives on the issues and offered thoughtful observations and useful ideas that could improve the workings of the international monetary system. It is our hope that this publication of their views will stimulate further discussion, research and, more than partial implementation.
Destabilizing the Global Monetary System: Germany’s Adoption of the Gold Standard in the Early 1870s
Author | : Mr.Johannes Wiegand |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 28 |
Release | : 2019-02-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1498301223 |
In 1871-73, newly unified Germany adopted the gold standard, replacing the silver-based currencies that had been prevalent in most German states until then. The reform sparked a series of steps in other countries that ultimately ended global bimetallism, i.e., a near-universal fixed exchange rate system in which (mostly) France stabilized the exchange value between gold and silver currencies. As a result, silver currencies depreciated sharply, and severe deflation ensued in the gold block. Why did Germany switch to gold and set the train of destructive events in motion? Both a review of the contemporaneous debate and statistical evidence suggest that it acted preemptively: the Australian and Californian gold discoveries of around 1850 had greatly increased the global supply of gold. By the mid-1860s, gold threatened to crowd out silver money in France, which would have severed the link between gold and silver currencies. Without reform, Germany would thus have risked exclusion from the fixed exchange rate system that tied together the major industrial economies. Reform required French accommodation, however. Victory in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870/71 allowed Germany to force accommodation, but only until France settled the war indemnity and regained sovereignty in late 1873. In this situation, switching to gold was superior to adopting bimetallism, as it prevented France from derailing Germany’s reform ex-post.
Alternative Monetary Regimes
Author | : Colin Dearborn Campbell |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 278 |
Release | : 1986 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Gold and the International Monetary System
Author | : André Astrow |
Publisher | : Chatham House Report |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9781862032606 |
"To assess what contribution, if any, gold could make to the current international monetary system in the wake of the global financial crisis, Chatham House set up a global Taskforce of experts in 2011. The Taskforce explored the advantages and disadvantages of reintroducing gold in the system and identified a number of possible scenarios for reform. For gold to play a more formal role in the international monetary system, it would be imperative that it neither hinders the system's performance nor creates unacceptable constraints on national economic policies; Although the discipline a gold standard imposes on monetary policy may have been helpful in limiting the reckless banking and excessive debt accumulation of the past decade, the rigidity of a fixed price for gold would likely have been a serious handicap with the onset of the financial crisis when a much more flexible monetary response was required; There is no clear-cut role for gold as a policy indicator. The historical behaviour of the gold price does not provide a particularly good indicator for either monetary or fiscal policy. In fact, since the financial crisis, the rise in the gold price has indicated the need for tighter policies which, if implemented, could have been deeply damaging; Gold can serve as a hedge against declining values of key fiat currencies, and can also be useful for central banks, but its role as a hedge is not cost free. Indeed, a major downside of holding gold is that its price can be extremely volatile. Also, it generates no yield, other than capital gains which are only realised when it is sold. Gold, therefore, can form part of a portfolio of assets that spreads valuation risk, but on the other hand, it is not very effective as a sole reserve asset."--Publisher description.
Golden Fetters
Author | : Barry J. Eichengreen |
Publisher | : NBER Series on Long-term Factors in Economic Development |
Total Pages | : 484 |
Release | : 1992 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780195101133 |
This book offers a reassessment of the international monetary problems that led to the global economic crisis of the 1930s. The author shows how policies, in conjunction with the imbalances created by World War I, gave rise to the global crisis of the 1930s.