Organization and Financing of Public Health Services in Europe

Organization and Financing of Public Health Services in Europe
Author: Centers of Disease Control
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 148
Release: 2018-06-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9289051701

What are public health services? Countries across Europe understand what they are or what they should include differently. This study describes the experiences of nine countries detailing the ways they have opted to organize and finance public health services and train and employ their public health workforce. It covers England France Germany Italy the Netherlands Slovenia Sweden Poland and the Republic of Moldova and aims to give insights into current practice that will support decision-makers in their efforts to strengthen public health capacities and services. Each country chapter captures the historical background of public health services and the context in which they operate; sets out the main organizational structures; assesses the sources of public health financing and how it is allocated; explains the training and employment of the public health workforce; and analyses existing frameworks for quality and performance assessment. The study reveals a wide range of experience and variation across Europe and clearly illustrates two fundamentally different approaches to public health services: integration with curative health services (as in Slovenia or Sweden) or organization and provision through a separate parallel structure (Republic of Moldova). The case studies explore the context that explain this divergence and its implications. This study is the result of close collaboration between the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and the WHO Regional Office for Europe Division of Health Systems and Public Health. It accompanies two other Observatory publications Organization and financing of public health services in Europe and The role of public health organizations in addressing public health problems in Europe: the case of obesity alcohol and antimicrobial resistance (both forthcoming).

The A to Z of Moldova

The A to Z of Moldova
Author: Andrei Brezianu
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
Total Pages: 500
Release: 2010-05-26
Genre: History
ISBN: 0810872110

The Republic of Moldova claims a European lineage reaching back in time long before its 14th century accession to statehood. In the 15th century, it managed against all odds to avoid being conquered by Islam and-albeit an intermittent vassal after 1485-it maintained its autonomy and was never turned into a province of the Ottoman Empire. After this period, however, Moldova would not be so fortunate, as it altered between Russian, Romanian, and Soviet control until it finally gained its independence in 1991 from the Soviet Union. The A to Z of Moldova, through its chronology, introduction, appendixes, maps, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects, traces the history of this small, but densely populated country, providing a compass for the direction it is heading.

The Republic of Moldova

The Republic of Moldova
Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 75
Release: 2016-01-20
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513587684

This 2015 Article IV Consultation highlights that Moldova’s economic growth, at 3.6 percent, came in surprisingly strong in the first half of 2015 and was largely driven by net exports. Reserves fell by about a third between October 2014 and February 2015, but have been stable since. Net outflows in the financial account surged at end-2014, owing to election uncertainty and the banking crisis, but the outflow in currency and deposits tapered off in the second quarter of 2015. The near-term outlook is difficult. The economy is projected to contract by 1.75 percent in 2015, followed by a marginal recovery of about 1.5 percent in 2016. Deep reform is needed in the financial sector.

Public Service Evolution in the 15 Post-Soviet Countries

Public Service Evolution in the 15 Post-Soviet Countries
Author: Alikhan Baimenov
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 607
Release: 2022-01-31
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9811624623

A unique study of public service evolution in the 15 post-soviet countries from independence to date. It reveals the diversity in their transformation shaped by historical and cultural traditions and the soviet legacy they inherited, as well as by the impact of the political will of ruling elites, all of which influenced the socio-economic and governance models these countries adapted. Its value lays with the fact that it is a collaborative outcome of prominent practitioners, who actively participated in the transformation process, and leading scholars representing all 15 post-soviet countries. It is valuable addition to the body of knowledge of public administration, allowing for improved understanding of the complexity and depth of change that has taken place over the past 30 years. It provides an in-depth analysis of the public service reform process; a subject relevant to the countries of the Region and beyond.

Moldova

Moldova
Author: Marcin Kosienkowski
Publisher: Lexington Books
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2012
Genre: History
ISBN: 073917391X

Moldova: Arena of International Influences brings international perspective to Moldova's foreign relations since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Eighteen chapters analyze the policy toward Moldova of selected international actors: Belarus, Bulgaria, China, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the European Union, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the unrecognized breakaway state of Transnistria. For these international actors, Moldova functions as an arena of influences--a sphere of intersecting interests, activities and, occasionally, competition. For the first time, leading experts and practitioners from many of the countries engaged in Moldova are brought together in a common language. The result is a detailed map of the international political landscape in Moldova, a chronicle of the past two decades, and a forecast of the country's future.

The Slavic Dossier

The Slavic Dossier
Author: Iurie Stamati
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2018-12-24
Genre: History
ISBN: 9004391436

In The Slavic Dossier, Iurie Stamati’s objective is to understand the reasons for the emergence of two different discourses on the place of the Slavs on the territory of Moldova and their role in the genesis of Moldovans and their culture during the medieval period in the Soviet archaeology. His analysis goes beyond the utilitarian perception of Soviet archeology. To achieve this, Stamati not only questions the political contexts in which these discourses emerged, but also looks at the history of the Moldovan archaeological field, personal profiles of archaeologists, their theoretical and ideological attachment, relationships and interactions with each other inside and outside the archaeological field.

Customs offenses according to the legislation of the Republic of Moldova and Romania

Customs offenses according to the legislation of the Republic of Moldova and Romania
Author: Aurel Octavian Pasat
Publisher: ADJURIS – International Academic Publisher
Total Pages: 195
Release: 2018-11-20
Genre: Law
ISBN: 6069431243

Crime as a phenomenon has a wide expansion in the customs field, causing considerable losses to the state interests of the Republic of Moldova and Romania. Control over the transport of goods and cultural and historical values ​​across the customs border is one of the most important activities of law enforcement. A real danger to the social and state interests is represented by well-established and functional schemes of smuggling of drugs, weapons and ammunition, nuclear materials, import of counterfeit goods, including low-quality consumer products. The importance of this book lies in the fact that the judicial analysis of the customs offenses was carried out based on the generalization of the practical experience accumulated by the Republic of Moldova and Romania under specific social and legal conditions. We are firmly convinced that this work can constitute a solid scientific and methodological support for the literature, especially for the further development of the science of criminal law. Based on their own approaches, obviously formed by the analysis of the theoretical conceptions of the scientists in the researched field, new research orientations are prefigured. Similarly, the importance of this book lies in the possibility of contributing to the improvement of the existing incriminating framework in the field of customs offenses. Sergiu BRÎNZA, doctor habilitat in law, professor, Chief of the Department of Penal Law, Faculty of Law, Moldova State University

Smallholders and family farms in the Republic of Moldova

Smallholders and family farms in the Republic of Moldova
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Total Pages: 150
Release: 2020-09-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9251329761

The background for conducting country studies on the challenges, needs and constraints of smallholders and family farms in seven countries has been a wish to further strengthen the Regional Initiative and develop the initiative towards a stronger programmatic approach at both the regional and country levels. To provide support to smallholders and family farms, there has been a need to develop a better understanding and knowledge platform of the main challenges, needs and constraints of smallholders and family farms in the specific country context. Even though many of the challenges are the same throughout the region, there are still significant variations among the countries; it is important to recognize and understand these variations when designing support to smallholders and family farms in each specific country. It has been the objectives of the country studies first to analyze the development trend and current state of smallholders and family farms in the specific country, second to study the current political priorities and policies affecting smallholders and family farms, and finally, based on the conclusions made, to provide recommendations, mainly at the policy level, on how to further support the development of commercial family farms and at the same time ensure in general inclusive growth, improved rural livelihood for women and men and the reduction of rural poverty for all. It is hoped that each country study will not only be relevant for FAO but also for governments, donors and other international organizations when formulating policy and preparing programmes.

Promoting Digital Business Skills in the Republic of Moldova

Promoting Digital Business Skills in the Republic of Moldova
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 81
Release: 2023-06-19
Genre:
ISBN: 9264729836

The Republic of Moldova has made digitalisation a policy priority. The country is currently preparing its Digital Transformation Strategy 2023-30, which will emphasise digital literacy, as well as digital business skills, with a view to improving private sector competitiveness.