The Interplay Between Environmental Chemical Exposures And Obesity
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| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 173 |
| Release | : 2016-08-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309389240 |
In March 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to explore the role that chemical exposures may play in the development of obesity. The obesity epidemic that has gripped the United States and much of the developed world for the past several decades has proved remarkably resistant to the various approaches tried by clinicians and public health officials to fight it. This raises the possibility that, in addition to the continued exploration of consumer understanding and behavior, new approaches that go beyond the standard focus on energy intake and expenditure may also be needed to combat the multifactorial problem of obesity. The speakers at the workshop discussed evidence from both studies with animal models and human epidemiological studies that exposure to environmental chemicals is linked both to weight gain and to glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and other aspects of the metabolic syndrome. In addition to conventional environmental chemical exposures, this workshop also included one panel to discuss the potential role of other exposures, including sugar, artificial sweeteners, and antibiotics, in aiding or causing obesity. The participants also examined possible biological pathways and mechanisms underlying the potential linkages. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 173 |
| Release | : 2016-07-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309389275 |
In March 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to explore the role that chemical exposures may play in the development of obesity. The obesity epidemic that has gripped the United States and much of the developed world for the past several decades has proved remarkably resistant to the various approaches tried by clinicians and public health officials to fight it. This raises the possibility that, in addition to the continued exploration of consumer understanding and behavior, new approaches that go beyond the standard focus on energy intake and expenditure may also be needed to combat the multifactorial problem of obesity. The speakers at the workshop discussed evidence from both studies with animal models and human epidemiological studies that exposure to environmental chemicals is linked both to weight gain and to glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and other aspects of the metabolic syndrome. In addition to conventional environmental chemical exposures, this workshop also included one panel to discuss the potential role of other exposures, including sugar, artificial sweeteners, and antibiotics, in aiding or causing obesity. The participants also examined possible biological pathways and mechanisms underlying the potential linkages. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 421 |
| Release | : 2013-04-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309264146 |
The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
| Author | : Li Li |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2024-08-07 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9781022903692 |
Navigating Chemical Realities: Insights From Contemporary Research offers an in-depth examination of the complex interplay between environmental exposures and human health. This collection brings together pivotal journal articles that illuminate the nuanced effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors on our well-being. From the intricacies of inter-individual variability in toxicological susceptibility to the revolutionary insights of epigenomics as biomarkers for cumulative exposures, this book bridges the gap between scientific inquiry and public health imperatives. It addresses occupational health disparities across Europe, the impact of prenatal chemical exposures in diverse geographical contexts, and the spatial analysis of environmental mixtures in regions like the Canadian Oil Sands. Each article emphasizes real-world implications, urging a reevaluation of traditional risk assessment methodologies while advocating for an interdisciplinary approach to addressing the health impacts of environmental mixtures. This compilation is more than an academic endeavor-it's a call to action for researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals to embrace the interconnectedness of our environmental exposures and their profound implications for human health. Quality Research Publishing is dedicated to making knowledge more accessible to the general public by curating a topical compilation of the latest research on various subjects and providing plain language summaries. Each of the articles in this book is available individually and digitally without cost. However, we believe it is important for the contextualizing and sharing of educational and scientific work to curate this research in a way that is understandable and helpful to the average person seeking deeper knowledge of a particular subject. The research articles compiled for this book were published under a permissive Creative Commons license, are in the public domain, or have no copyright restrictions, permitting their use in this book. If you have questions about the licensing of any article, please visit qualityresearchpublishing.com.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 338 |
| Release | : 2009-09-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309136997 |
In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.
| Author | : Malcolm K Robinson |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 475 |
| Release | : 2006-03-07 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1420018906 |
Although cardiovascular disease remains the leading proximate cause of death in the United States, it is now estimated that obesity may be equivalent to smoking as the leading cause of preventable death in America. In light of these statistics, this reference presents our current understanding of the epidemiology, pathology, and genetics of the obe
| Author | : Jean-Pierre Bourguignon |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 180 |
| Release | : 2011-08-31 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3642227759 |
Endocrine disruption is an expanding field due to the numerous chemicals involved and, as evidenced more recently, the variety of homeostatic systems that they can alter throughout life. The gathering of experts from all over the world should help to identify health disorders that are possibly or likely related to exposure to endocrine disrupters. The research needs have been discussed as well as recommendations prioritizing target groups and following the precautionary principle.
| Author | : Michael Freemark |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 473 |
| Release | : 2010-09-14 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1603278745 |
Childhood obesity and its co-morbidities -- including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and fatty liver disease -- have seen striking increases in recent years. Despite a wealth of investigation, there is considerable controversy regarding the etiology of childhood obesity and the optimal approaches for prevention and treatment. Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment addresses the controversy with a range of features that make it a unique resource for those who care for obese children and their families. Written from a perspective that is international in scope, the distinguished authors re-assess the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity and critically review new studies of the effects of lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions. The evidence-based approach of Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment provides a comprehensive and invaluable guide for all healthcare providers concerned with the evaluation and care of children with nutritional and metabolic disease and with the societal implications of the obesity epidemic.
| Author | : Anthony H. Barnett |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 324 |
| Release | : 2005-04-08 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0470011092 |
Obesity has become the most common chronic disease of the present day, with significant increases in prevalence in populations across the world and all age groups. This has resulted in a dramatic increase in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications, making it an important public health issue. Type 2 diabetes associated with obesity or 'diabesity' is today the most common form of type 2 diabetes. It is also associated with a number of other cardiovascular risk factors, which constitute the metabolic syndrome. Effective management of 'diabesity' is crucial to the reduction of morbidity and premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease. This book comprises chapters written by leading international experts on various aspects of obesity-related diabetes. As a practical reference guide, it is suitable for all professionals with an interest in this field. Emerging problems such as childhood 'diabesity' and the impact of obesity on polycystic ovary syndrome will be of interest not only to paediatricians and endocrinologists, but also to general practitioners and other healthcare professionals. The contemporary approach to the clinical assessment of obesity and its management in both primary and secondary care settings is also described.
| Author | : Melanie Bergmann |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 456 |
| Release | : 2015-06-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319165100 |
This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
