The Inter-relations Among Xylem Anatomy, Hydraulic Conductivity and Leaf Water Status in Five Sub-tropical Tree Species
Author | : Heather Wendy Sherwin |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 192 |
Release | : 1991 |
Genre | : Dissertations, Academic |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Heather Wendy Sherwin |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 192 |
Release | : 1991 |
Genre | : Dissertations, Academic |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Jorma Zimmermann |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2021 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Abstract: The vascular architecture plays a crucial role in the productivity and drought tolerance of broadleaf trees, but it is not yet fully understood how the hydraulic system is acclimating to a warmer and drier climate. Because vessel features may record temporal and spatial variability in climatic signals of the past better than tree-ring width, we combined dendrochronological time-series analysis with the calculation of stem hydraulic properties derived from radial vessel features. We aimed to reconstruct the development and sensitivity of the hydraulic system over six decades and to identify climatic control of xylem anatomy for five co-existing broad-leaved diffuse- and ring-porous tree species (genera Acer, Fagus, Fraxinus and Quercus) across three sites covering a precipitation gradient from 548 to 793 mm. We observed a significant influence of the climatic water balance (CWB) on the vessel features of all species, but the time lag, magnitude and direction of the response was highly species-specific. All diffuse-porous species suffered a decline in vessel diameter in dry years, and increase in vessel density in dry years and the year following. However, F. sylvatica was the only species with a significant long-term change in anatomical traits and a significant reduction in potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp) after dry winters and in dry summers, accompanied with the largest long-term decline in tree-ring width and the largest growth reduction in and after years with a more negative CWB. In contrast, the comparison across the precipitation gradient did not reveal any significant vessel-climate relationships. Our results revealed considerable plasticity in the hydraulic system especially of F. sylvatica, but also evidence of the drought-sensitivity of this species in accordance with earlier dendroecological and physiological studies. We conclude that the long-term reconstruction of hydraulic properties can add substantially to the understanding of the acclimation potential of different tree species to climate change
Author | : Alan R. Hemsley |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 510 |
Release | : 2004-02-05 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0080472729 |
Coupled with biomechanical data, organic geochemistry and cladistic analyses utilizing abundant genetic data, scientific studies are revealing new facets of how plants have evolved over time. This collection of papers examines these early stages of plant physiology evolution by describing the initial physiological adaptations necessary for survival as upright structures in a dry, terrestrial environment. The Evolution of Plant Physiology also encompasses physiology in its broadest sense to include biochemistry, histology, mechanics, development, growth, reproduction and with an emphasis on the interplay between physiology, development and plant evolution. - Contributions from leading neo- and palaeo-botanists from the Linnean Society - Focus on how evolution shaped photosynthesis, respiration, reproduction and metabolism. - Coverage of the effects of specific evolutionary forces -- variations in water and nutrient availability, grazing pressure, and other environmental variables
Author | : Guillermo Goldstein |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 464 |
Release | : 2016-03-04 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3319274228 |
This book presents the latest information on tropical tree physiology, making it a valuable research tool for a wide variety of researchers. It is also of general interest to ecologists (e.g. Ecological Society of America; > 3000 or 4000 members at annual meeting), physiologists (e.g. American Society of Plant Biologists; > 2,000 members at annual meeting), and tropical biologists (e.g. Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, ATBC; > 500 members at annual meeting). (American Geophysical Union(AGU), > 20000 members at annual meeting). Since plant physiology is taught at every university that offers a life sciences, forestry or agricultural program, and physiology is a focus at research institutes and agencies worldwide, the book is a must-have for university and research institution libraries.
Author | : M. Borghetti |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 328 |
Release | : 1993-05-13 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 9780521442190 |
The prospect of future climate change has stimulated research into the physiological responses of plants to stress. Water is a key factor controlling the distribution and abundance of plants. This book brings together contributions from a range of experts who have worked on the cavitation of water in the transport system.
Author | : Caetano Pereira Albuquerque |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2019 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781392390498 |
Leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs of plants, where transpirational water loss is regulated by stomata and where the greatest tensions are experienced within the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere continuum (SPAC). As water is transported in metastable state in plant xylem, it is prone to breakage that cause air embolism that block conduits, impair water transport and reduce plant performance. The water transport pathway through plants, and leaves in particular, is also intimately connected to the living-tissues outside the xylem that can also affect water transport. We combined high-resolution x-rays micro-Computed Tomography ([mu]CT) and comprehensive 3D analysis with hydraulic and other physiological measurements to study how the leaf hydraulic system in wine grape varieties and species from a diverse set of ecological backgrounds respond to progressive dehydration. We provide novel understanding of the anatomical and structural changes in leaves and its impacts on leaf hydraulics and plant performance during progressive dehydration. The integration of the entire leaf (i.e. petiole and lamina) as well as the linkage between the responses of different varieties of crop species such as grapevines and an ecological approach using a set of species from diverse ecological backgrounds sheds light on the structural drivers of leaf hydraulic decline during progressive drought. In the first chapter, we present an overview of this dissertation and how it fits in the field of plant ecophysiology. In the second chapter, we studied petioles and leaf laminas of a set of five species from diverse ecological backgrounds and combined with leaf hydraulics to understand the general drivers of leaf xylem hydraulic decline during progressive drought. We found across species that the largest diameter xylem conduits in petioles and midribs are the first to embolize and only at severe dehydration. We also found that conduits in leaf minor veins are extremely resistant to cavitation and rarely embolized. In the third chapter, we present our findings of the drivers of leaf hydraulic conductance (K[subscript leaf]) and stomatal conductance (g[subscript s]) decline in two of the most widely cultivated wine grape varieties. By combining hydraulic and physiological measurements with scans of intact leaves across a range of water potentials, we found that leaf xylem embolism is not the cause for K[subscript leaf] and g[subscript s] decline during mild dehydration. Lastly, in the fourth chapter we studied anatomical responses to progressive dehydration in intact petioles of two common wine grape varieties known to exhibit differences in leaf drop under drought and its implications for water relations. We report for the first time the phenomenon of petiole pinching, a mechanical damage to grapevine petioles at severe water stress caused by collapsible pith that may block water flow and be related to leaf drop during drought. Petiole shrinkage during dehydration was caused by water loss in the collapsible pith cells, and this tissue was rapidly recharged upon rehydration. The collapse of the pith cells was also associated with collapse of water-filled xylem conduits in intact grapevine petioles that was reversible after relaxation of xylem tensions upon rehydration that was also associated with xylem conduit refilling in vessels that had embolized.
Author | : Florencia Montagnini |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 312 |
Release | : 2005-03-24 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 9783540237976 |
Importance pf tropical forests; characteristics of tropical forests; classification of tropical forests; deforestation in the tropics; management of tropical forests; plantatios and agroforestry systems; approaches for implementing sustainable management techniques.
Author | : Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 544 |
Release | : 2017-12-12 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 331969099X |
With more than 500 species distributed all around the Northern Hemisphere, the genus Quercus L. is a dominant element of a wide variety of habitats including temperate, tropical, subtropical and mediterranean forests and woodlands. As the fossil record reflects, oaks were usual from the Oligocene onwards, showing the high ability of the genus to colonize new and different habitats. Such diversity and ecological amplitude makes genus Quercus an excellent framework for comparative ecophysiological studies, allowing the analysis of many mechanisms that are found in different oaks at different level (leaf or stem). The combination of several morphological and physiological attributes defines the existence of different functional types within the genus, which are characteristic of specific phytoclimates. From a landscape perspective, oak forests and woodlands are threatened by many factors that can compromise their future: a limited regeneration, massive decline processes, mostly triggered by adverse climatic events or the competence with other broad-leaved trees and conifer species. The knowledge of all these facts can allow for a better management of the oak forests in the future.
Author | : Frederick C. Meinzer |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 511 |
Release | : 2011-06-29 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 9400712421 |
Millions of trees live and grow all around us, and we all recognize the vital role they play in the world’s ecosystems. Publicity campaigns exhort us to plant yet more. Yet until recently comparatively little was known about the root causes of the physical changes that attend their growth. Since trees typically increase in size by three to four orders of magnitude in their journey to maturity, this gap in our knowledge has been a crucial issue to address. Here at last is a synthesis of the current state of our knowledge about both the causes and consequences of ontogenetic changes in key features of tree structure and function. During their ontogeny, trees undergo numerous changes in their physiological function, the structure and mechanical properties of their wood, and overall architecture and allometry. This book examines the central interplay between these changes and tree size and age. It also explores the impact these changes can have, at the level of the individual tree, on the emerging characteristics of forest ecosystems at various stages of their development. The analysis offers an explanation for the importance of discriminating between the varied physical properties arising from the nexus of size and age, as well as highlighting the implications these ontogenetic changes have for commercial forestry and climate change. This important and timely summation of our knowledge base in this area, written by highly respected researchers, will be of huge interest, not only to researchers, but also to forest managers and silviculturists.
Author | : Wenzel Kröber |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
BEF-China; Biodiversity Ecosystem Functioning; Trees; Subtropics; China; Water relations; Functional diversity