How much of the world's oil and energy supply will the non-OPEC less-developed countries (NOLDCs) demand in the next decade? Will their requirements be small and thus fairly insignificant compared with world demand, or large and relatively important? How will world demand be affected by the economic growth of the NOLDCs? In this report, the authors try to develop some reasonable forecasts of the range of NOLDC energy demands in the next 10 years. They have tried to be explicit about the uncertainties associated with these forecasts, and with the income and price elasticities on which they are based. Finally, they consider the forecasts in terms of their implications for U.S. policies concerning NOLDCs, and suggest areas of future research on NOLDC energy issues. Although some results will be reported for total commercial demand for energy, and its associated income and price elasticities, their main emphasis is on NOLDC demand for oil. While they do not attempt to estimate cross elasticities of demand between oil and other fuels, the range of uncertainty in their reported estimates for oil demand is probably sufficient to cover a reasonable allowance for cross elasticities. Chapter 2 provides a brief background, summarizing previous estimates (or assumptions) about price and income elasticities of demand, previous demand forecasts, and the methods used in making them. Chapter 3 summarizes the models and data the authors have used, and their principal results: price and income elasticities for the NOLDCs as a group, and for several subgroups; forecasts of NOLDC oil and energy demand in 1985 and 1990; and the scaling of these forecasts relative to world demand for both energy and oil. Finally, Chapter 4 suggests implications for U.S. policy and for further research.