The Circulation In The Stratosphere Mesosphere And Lower Thermospehre
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| Author | : PLUMB |
| Publisher | : Birkhäuser |
| Total Pages | : 465 |
| Release | : 2013-11-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3034858256 |
PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.
| Author | : James Holton |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 221 |
| Release | : 2016-06-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1935704311 |
Interest in the meteorology of the stratosphere and mesophere has been simulated in the past few years by concerns over possible depletion of the ozone layer as a result of reactions involving pollutants introduced by human activities. Concurrently there has been an upsurge in research on various aspects of the meteorology of the stratosphere. This monograph provides an account of the fundamental dynamical processes which control the general circulation of the stratosphere and mesophere and are thus responsible for the transport of trace substances in that region of the atmosphere. Principles necessary for understanding the dynamics of large-scale motions in the stratosphere and mesosphere are systematically developed so that this monograph should prove useful not only as a reference work for research scientists, but as a textbook for courses in dynamic meteorology of the upper atmosphere.
| Author | : László Oláh |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 688 |
| Release | : 2022-01-25 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 111972306X |
A technique for visualizing Earth's subsurface at high resolution Hidden out of sight in Earth’s subsurface are a range of geophysical structures, processes, and material movements. Muography is a passive and non-destructive remote sensing technique that visualizes the internal structure of solid geological structures at high resolution, similar in process to X-ray radiography of human bodies. Muography: Exploring Earth's Subsurface with Elementary Particles explores the application of this imaging technique in the geosciences and how it can complement conventional geophysical observations. Volume highlights include: Principles of muography and pioneering works in the field Different approaches for muographic image processing Observing volcanic structures and activity with muography Using muography for geophysical exploration and mining engineering Potential environmental applications of muography Latest technological developments in muography The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
| Author | : R. M. Johnson |
| Publisher | : American Geophysical Union |
| Total Pages | : 354 |
| Release | : 1995-01-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0875900445 |
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 87. This volume provides a review of progress made in recent years in experimental and theoretical investigation of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere and coupling between these regions and the ionosphere. Detailed study of the mesosphere/lower thermosphere/ionosphere (MLTI) region has historically been difficult because of its relative inaccessibility to direct measurement techniques and the complex and highly coupled processes which occur there. Although we have still not successfully unraveled all these complex interactions, we have made significant recent progress toward a fuller understanding of the basic state of the MLTI and of the dominant wave and coupling processes. This monograph includes a set of tutorial papers, which review our current understanding of aspects of the MLTI. These tutorials are interspersed with a selection of papers describing research progress on various topics of current interest in this region. The book should therefore be useful both to the newcomer, as an introduction to this field of research, and to the more experienced researcher, providing an overview of research in progress as well as a convenient reference collection of papers describing our current understanding.
| Author | : Robert M. Haberle |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 613 |
| Release | : 2017-06-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1107016185 |
This volume reviews all aspects of Mars atmospheric science from the surface to space, and from now and into the past.
| Author | : Mangalathayil Ali Abdu |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 479 |
| Release | : 2011-02-26 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400703260 |
This book is a multi-author treatise on the most outstanding research problems in the field of the aeronomy of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere, encompassing the science covered by Division II of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). It contains several review articles and detailed papers by leading scientists in the field. The book is organized in five parts: 1) Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Dynamics and Chemistry; 2) Vertical Coupling by Upward Propagating Waves; 3) Ionospheric Electrodynamics and Structuring; 4) Thermosphere- Ionosphere Coupling, Dynamics and Trends and 5) Ionosphere-Thermosphere Disturbances and Modeling. The book consolidates the progress achieved in the field in recent years and it serves as a useful reference for graduate students as well as experienced researchers.
| Author | : Newton |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 623 |
| Release | : 1969 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080954480 |
Atmospheric Circulation Systems: their structure and physical interpretation
| Author | : K. Mohanakumar |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 424 |
| Release | : 2008-07-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1402082177 |
Stratospheric processes play a signi?cant role in regulating the weather and c- mate of the Earth system. Solar radiation, which is the primary source of energy for the tropospheric weather systems, is absorbed by ozone when it passes through the stratosphere, thereby modulating the solar-forcing energy reaching into the t- posphere. The concentrations of the radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases present in the lower atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, control the radiation balance of the atmosphere by the two-way interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere. The stratosphere is the transition region which interacts with the weather s- tems in the lower atmosphere and the richly ionized upper atmosphere. Therefore, this part of the atmosphere provides a long list of challenging scienti?c problems of basic nature involving its thermal structure, energetics, composition, dynamics, chemistry, and modeling. The lower stratosphere is very much linked dynamically, radiatively,and chemically with the upper troposphere,even though the temperature characteristics of these regions are different. The stratosphere is a region of high stability, rich in ozone and poor in water - por and temperature increases with altitude. The lower stratospheric ozone absorbs the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and protects life on the Earth. On the other hand, the troposphere has high concentrations of water vapor, is low in ozone, and temperature decreases with altitude. The convective activity is more in the troposphere than in the stratosphere.
| Author | : S. Chapman |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 209 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401033994 |
Everyone is familiar with the daily changes of air temperature. The barometer shows that these are accompanied by daily changes of mass distribution of the atmosphere, and consequently with daily motions of the air. In the tropics the daily pressure change is evident on the barographs; in temperate and higher latitudes it is not noticeable, being overwhelmed by cyclonic and anticyclonic pressure variations. There too, however, the daily change can be found by averaging the variations over many days; and the same process suffices to show that there is a still smaller lunar tide in the atmosphere, first sought by Laplace. Throughout nearly two centuries these 'tides', thermal and gravitational, have been extensively discussed in the periodical literature of science, although they are very minor phenomena at ground level. This monograph summarizes our present knowledge and theoretical under standing of them. It is more than twenty years since the appearance of the one previous monograph on them - by Wilkes - and nearly a decade since they were last comprehensively reviewed, by Siebert. The intervening years have seen many additions to our know ledge of the state of the upper atmosphere, and of the tides there, on the basis of measurements by radio, rockets and satellites.
| Author | : Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 402 |
| Release | : 2012-03-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9535100955 |
Climatology, the study of climate, is no longer regarded as a single discipline that treats climate as something that fluctuates only within the unchanging boundaries described by historical statistics. The field has recognized that climate is something that changes continually under the influence of physical and biological forces and so, cannot be understood in isolation but rather, is one that includes diverse scientific disciplines that play their role in understanding a highly complex coupled "whole system" that is the earth's climate. The modern era of climatology is echoed in this book. On the one hand it offers a broad synoptic perspective but also considers the regional standpoint, as it is this that affects what people need from climatology. Aspects on the topic of climate change - what is often considered a contradiction in terms - is also addressed. It is all too evident these days that what recent work in climatology has revealed carries profound implications for economic and social policy; it is with these in mind that the final chapters consider acumens as to the application of what has been learned to date.
