The Changing Face Of Brazil
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| Author | : Kempton Evans Webb |
| Publisher | : Columbia University Press |
| Total Pages | : 228 |
| Release | : 1974 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780231037679 |
Home to the New York Yankees, the Bronx Zoo, and the Grand Concourse, the Bronx was at one time a haven for upwardly mobile second-generation immigrants eager to leave the crowded tenements of Manhattan in pursuit of the American dream. Once hailed as a "wonder borough" of beautiful homes, parks, and universities, the Bronx became -- during the 1960s and 1970s -- a national symbol of urban deterioration. Thriving neighborhoods that had long been home to generations of families dissolved under waves of arson, crime, and housing abandonment, turning blocks of apartment buildings into gutted, graffiti-covered shells and empty, trash-filled lots. In this revealing history of the Bronx, Evelyn Gonzalez describes how the once-infamous New York City borough underwent one of the most successful and inspiring community revivals in American history. From its earliest beginnings as a loose cluster of commuter villages to its current status as a densely populated home for New York's growing and increasingly more diverse African American and Hispanic populations, this book shows how the Bronx interacted with and was affected by the rest of New York City as it grew from a small colony on the tip of Manhattan into a sprawling metropolis. This is the story of the clattering of elevated subways and the cacophony of crowded neighborhoods, the heady optimism of industrial progress and the despair of economic recession, and the vibrancy of ethnic cultures and the resilience of local grassroots coalitions crucial to the borough's rejuvenation. In recounting the varied and extreme transformations this remarkable community has undergone, Evelyn Gonzalez argues that it was not racial discrimination, rampant crime, postwar liberalism, or big government that was to blame for the urban crisis that assailed the Bronx during the late 1960s. Rather, the decline was inextricably connected to the same kinds of social initiatives, economic transactions, political decisions, and simple human choices that had once been central to the development and vitality of the borough. Although the history of the Bronx is unquestionably a success story, crime, poverty, and substandard housing still afflict the community today. Yet the process of building and rebuilding carries on, and the revitalization of neighborhoods and a resurgence of economic growth continue to offer hope for the future.
| Author | : Ignacy Sachs |
| Publisher | : Univ of North Carolina Press |
| Total Pages | : 393 |
| Release | : 2009-04-15 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0807894117 |
Brazil, the largest of the Latin American nations, is fast becoming a potent international economic player as well as a regional power. This English translation of an acclaimed Brazilian anthology provides critical overviews of Brazilian life, history, and culture and insight into Brazil's development over the past century. The distinguished essayists, most of whom are Brazilian, provide expert perspectives on the social, economic, and cultural challenges that face Brazil as it seeks future directions in the age of globalization. All of the contributors connect past, present, and future Brazil. Their analyses converge on the observation that although Brazil has undergone radical changes during the past one hundred years, trenchant legacies of social and economic inequality remain to be addressed in the new century. A foreword by Jerry Davila highlights the volume's contributions for a new, English-reading audience. The contributors are Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira, Cristovam Buarque, Aspasia Camargo, Gilberto Dupas, Celso Furtado, Afranio Garcia, Celso Lafer, Jose Seixas Lourenco, Renato Ortiz, Moacir Palmeira, Paulo Sergio Pinheiro, Ignacy Sachs, Paulo Singer, Herve Thery, and Jorge Wilheim.
| Author | : Lee J. Alston |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 281 |
| Release | : 2016-05-24 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1400880947 |
Brazil is the world's sixth-largest economy, and for the first three-quarters of the twentieth century was one of the fastest-growing countries in the world. While the country underwent two decades of unrelenting decline from 1975 to 1994, the economy has rebounded dramatically. How did this nation become an emerging power? Brazil in Transition looks at the factors behind why this particular country has successfully progressed up the economic development ladder. The authors examine the roles of beliefs, leadership, and institutions in the elusive, critical transition to sustainable development. Analyzing the last fifty years of Brazil's history, the authors explain how the nation's beliefs, centered on social inclusion yet bound by orthodox economic policies, led to institutions that altered economic, political, and social outcomes. Brazil's growth and inflation became less variable, the rule of law strengthened, politics became more open and competitive, and poverty and inequality declined. While these changes have led to a remarkable economic transformation, there have also been economic distortions and inefficiencies that the authors argue are part of the development process. Brazil in Transition demonstrates how a dynamic nation seized windows of opportunity to become a more equal, prosperous, and rules-based society.
| Author | : Thomas E. Skidmore |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : Brazil |
| ISBN | : 9780195374551 |
This second edition offers an unparallelled look at Brazil in the twentieth century, including in-depth coverage of the 1930 revolution and Vargas's rise to power; the ensuing unstable democratic period and the military coups that followed; and the reemergence of democracy in 1985. It concludes with the recent presidency of Luiz Inacio "Lula" da Silva, covering such economic successes as record-setting exports, dramatic foreign debt reduction, and improved income distribution. The second edition features numerous new images and a new bibliographic guide to recent works on Brazilian history for use by both instructors and students. Informed by the most recent scholarship available, Brazil: Five Centuries of Change, Second Edition, explores the country's many blessings--ethnic diversity, racial democracy, a vibrant cultural life, and a wealth of natural resources.
| Author | : Sean T. Mitchell |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 270 |
| Release | : 2017-12-06 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 022649926X |
Introduction: relaunching Alcântara -- Mimetic convergence and complementary hierarchy -- Alcântara in space and time -- Interpreting an explosion -- Expertise and inequality -- Racialization and race-based law -- The making of race and class -- Space at the edge of the Amazon -- Conclusion: space and utopia
| Author | : World Intellectual Property Organization |
| Publisher | : WIPO |
| Total Pages | : 186 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9280521608 |
WIPO's World Intellectual Property Report 2011 focuses on the Changing Face of Innovation. It describes key trends in the innovation landscape - including the increasingly open, international and collaborative character of the innovation process; the causes of the increased demand for IP rights; and the rising importance of technology markets.
| Author | : Jithin Dhawan |
| Publisher | : Atlantic Publishers & Dist |
| Total Pages | : 416 |
| Release | : 2007-11 |
| Genre | : India |
| ISBN | : 9788126907670 |
The Indian Economy Is Undoubtedly On The Fulcrum Of An Ever-Increasing Growth Curve. Long Criticised For Nurturing An Inward Looking Economy, The Country S Impressive Gdp Growth Of 9.2 Per Cent During The Financial Year 2006 07 And 8.4 Per Cent In 2005-06 Has Led The Experts Of Globalisation Forecast That By The Next Thirty Years India S Economy Could Be Larger Than All But Those Of The United States And China. Thus, India Has Not Only Been Able To Discard Its Image As The Tortoise Of The Region But Has Also Presented Itself To The World As An Economic Powerhouse. The Initiatives Taken In The Early 1990S Continue To Bring The Rewards And Have Enabled India To Become The Fourth Largest Gdp In The World In Terms Of Purchasing Power. Today, The Young Generation Has The Potential To Absorb And Master New Technologies. The Country Has A Healthy Regulatory Environment And Strong Financial System. Owing To Its Better Returns On Investments, It Has Been Able To Attract A Large Number Of Foreign Investors. Mncs Are Today Looking For Low-Cost Manufacturing Bases, And India Is Seen As Their Favourite Choice. It Has Been Estimated By The Eminent Economists That India May Emerge As One Of The Three Top Engineering Goods Exporters Among Low- Cost Offshore Manufacturers With An Export Target Of $ 250-300 Billion By 2015. Likewise, It Is Becoming A Major Force In Complex, High-End And High Margin Information Technology Services.Today, There Is An Increasing Willingness Internationally To Work With India And Build Relationships For Mutual Benefit In Different Fields Automobile, Pharmaceuticals, Tourism, Electronics & Communications, To Name A Few. No Wonder There Are Many Who Believe That The Future Belongs To India. It Is Not To Say That The Country Has An Easy Ride Ahead. Its First Challenge Is To Broad-Base Growth. According To World Bank Data, A Considerably Large Proportion Of India S Population Earns Less Than $ 2 A Day. Furthermore, The Problems Of Illiteracy, Lack Of Health Care And Unemployment Are Still Acute, Which Indicate That India Is Long Way Away From Prosperity. The Changing Face Of Indian Economy Thus Needs To Be Looked Into From Several Sides. The Present Book Is A Modest Effort In This Direction. It Makes An Analytic Study Of India S Progress Since Independence Of The Country And Focuses On The Policies And Initiatives Taken As Yet. It Aims At Acquainting Readers With The Economic Scenario Of India In Its True Spirit.It Is Hoped That The Book Will Prove An Ideal Reference Book For Students, Researchers And Teachers Of Economics. Even The General Readers Interested In The Present State Of Indian Economy And Its Progress Will Find It Valuable And Informative.
| Author | : Marta Arretche |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 371 |
| Release | : 2018-07-04 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 3319781847 |
This book presents multidisciplinary analyses of the historical trajectories of social and economic inequalities in Brazil over the last 50 years. As one of the most unequal countries in the world, Brazil has always been an important case study for scholars interested in inequality research, but in the last few decades has brought a new phenomenon to renew researchers’ interest in the country. While the majority of democracies in the developed world have witnessed an increase in income inequality from the 1970s on, Brazil has followed the opposite path, registering a significant reduction of income inequality over the last 30 years. Bringing together studies carried out by experts from different areas, such as economists, sociologists, demographers and political scientists, this volume presents insights based on rigorous analyses of statistical data in an effort to explain the long term changes in social and economic inequalities in Brazil. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the relations between income inequality and different dimensions of social life, such as education, health, political participation, public policies, demographics and labor market. All of this makes Paths of Inequality in Brazil – A Half-Century of Change a very valuable resource for social scientists interested in inequality research in general, and especially for sociologists, political scientists and economists interested in the social and economic changes that Brazil went through over the last two decades.
| Author | : Peggy Levitt |
| Publisher | : Russell Sage Foundation |
| Total Pages | : 421 |
| Release | : 2002-12-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1610443535 |
The children of immigrants account for the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population under eighteen years old—one out of every five children in the United States. Will this generation of immigrant children follow the path of earlier waves of immigrants and gradually assimilate into mainstream American life, or does the global nature of the contemporary world mean that the trajectory of today's immigrants will be fundamentally different? Rather than severing their ties to their home countries, many immigrants today sustain economic, political, and religious ties to their homelands, even as they work, vote, and pray in the countries that receive them. The Changing Face of Home is the first book to examine the extent to which the children of immigrants engage in such transnational practices. Because most second generation immigrants are still young, there is much debate among immigration scholars about the extent to which these children will engage in transnational practices in the future. While the contributors to this volume find some evidence of transnationalism among the children of immigrants, they disagree over whether these activities will have any long-term effects. Part I of the volume explores how the practice and consequences of transnationalism vary among different groups. Contributors Philip Kasinitz, Mary Waters, and John Mollenkopf use findings from their large study of immigrant communities in New York City to show how both distance and politics play important roles in determining levels of transnational activity. For example, many Latin American and Caribbean immigrants are "circular migrants" spending much time in both their home countries and the United States, while Russian Jews and Chinese immigrants have far less contact of any kind with their homelands. In Part II, the contributors comment on these findings, offering suggestions for reconceptualizing the issue and bridging analytical differences. In her chapter, Nancy Foner makes valuable comparisons with past waves of immigrants as a way of understanding the conditions that may foster or mitigate transnationalism among today's immigrants. The final set of chapters examines how home and host country value systems shape how second generation immigrants construct their identities, and the economic, social, and political communities to which they ultimately express allegiance. The Changing Face of Home presents an important first round of research and dialogue on the activities and identities of the second generation vis-a-vis their ancestral homelands, and raises important questions for future research.
| Author | : Bettina E. Schmidt |
| Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 241 |
| Release | : 2016-06-16 |
| Genre | : Religion |
| ISBN | : 1474255698 |
Bettina E. Schmidt explores experiences usually labelled as spirit possession, a highly contested and challenged term, using extensive ethnographic research conducted in São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil and home to a range of religions which practice spirit possession. The book is enriched by excerpts from interviews with people about their experiences. It focuses on spirit possession in Afro-Brazilian religions and spiritism, as well as discussing the notion of exorcism in Charismatic Christian communities. Spirits and Trance in Brazil: An Anthropology of Religious Experience is divided into three sections which present the three main areas in the study of spirit possession. The first section looks at the social dimension of spirit possession, in particular gender roles associated with spirit possession in Brazil and racial stratification of the communities. It shows how gender roles and racial composition have adapted alongside changes in society in the last 100 years. The second section focuses on the way people interpret their practice. It shows that the interpretations of this practice depend on the human relationship to the possessing entities. The third section explores a relatively new field of research, the Western discourse of mind/body dualism and the wide field of cognition and embodiment. All sections together confirm the significance of discussing spirit possession within a wider framework that embraces physical elements as well as cultural and social ones. Bringing together sociological, anthropological, phenomenological and religious studies approaches, this book offers a new perspective on the study of spirit possession.
