Symbolic Neutrosophic Theory

Symbolic Neutrosophic Theory
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
Total Pages: 196
Release: 2015-10-14
Genre: Neutrosophic logic
ISBN: 1599733757

Symbolic (or Literal) Neutrosophic Theory is referring to the use of abstract symbols (i.e. the letters T, I, F, or their refined indexed letters Tj, Ik, Fl) in neutrosophics. In the first chapter we extend the dialectical triad thesis-antithesis-synthesis (dynamics of and , to get a synthesis) to the neutrosophic tetrad thesis-antithesis-neutrothesis-neutrosynthesis (dynamics of , , and , in order to get a neutrosynthesis). In the second chapter we introduce the neutrosophic system and neutrosophic dynamic system. A neutrosophic system is a quasi- or (t,i,f)–classical system, in the sense that the neutrosophic system deals with quasi-terms/concepts/attributes, etc. [or (t,i,f)-terms/concepts/attributes], which are approximations of the classical terms/concepts/attributes, i.e. they are partially true/membership/probable (t), partially indeterminate (i), and partially false/nonmembership/improbable (f), where t, i, f are subsets of the unitary interval [0, 1]. In the third chapter we introduce for the first time the notions of Neutrosophic Axiom, Neutrosophic Deducibility, Neutrosophic Axiomatic System, Degree of Contradiction (Dissimilarity) of Two Neutrosophic Axioms, etc. The fourth chapter we introduced for the first time a new type of structures, called (t, i, f)-Neutrosophic Structures, presented from a neutrosophic logic perspective, and we showed particular cases of such structures in geometry and in algebra. In any field of knowledge, each structure is composed from two parts: a space, and a set of axioms (or laws) acting (governing) on it. If the space, or at least one of its axioms (laws), has some indeterminacy of the form (t, i, f) ≠ (1, 0, 0), that structure is a (t, i, f)-Neutrosophic Structure. In the fifth chapter we make a short history of: the neutrosophic set, neutrosophic numerical components and neutrosophic literal components, neutrosophic numbers, etc. The aim of this chapter is to construct examples of splitting the literal indeterminacy (I) into literal sub-indeterminacies (I1,I2,…,Ir), and to define a multiplication law of these literal sub-indeterminacies in order to be able to build refined I-neutrosophic algebraic structures. In the sixth chapter we define for the first time three neutrosophic actions and their properties. We then introduce the prevalence order on (T, I, F) with respect to a given neutrosophic operator "o", which may be subjective - as defined by the neutrosophic experts. And the refinement of neutrosophic entities , , and . Then we extend the classical logical operators to neutrosophic literal (symbolic) logical operators and to refined literal (symbolic) logical operators, and we define the refinement neutrosophic literal (symbolic) space. In the seventh chapter we introduce for the first time the neutrosophic quadruple numbers (of the form a+bT+cI+dF) and the refined neutrosophic quadruple numbers. Then we define an absorbance law, based on a prevalence order, both of them in order to multiply the neutrosophic components T, I, F or their sub-components T_j, I_k, F_l and thus to construct the multiplication of neutrosophic quadruple numbers.

Interval Neutrosophic Sets and Logic: Theory and Applications in Computing

Interval Neutrosophic Sets and Logic: Theory and Applications in Computing
Author: Haibin Wang
Publisher: Infinite Study
Total Pages: 99
Release: 2005
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1931233942

This book presents the advancements and applications of neutrosophics, which are generalizations of fuzzy logic, fuzzy set, and imprecise probability. The neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic probability, and neutrosophic statistics are increasingly used in engineering applications (especially for software and information fusion), medicine, military, cybernetics, physics.In the last chapter a soft semantic Web Services agent framework is proposed to facilitate the registration and discovery of high quality semantic Web Services agent. The intelligent inference engine module of soft semantic Web Services agent is implemented using interval neutrosophic logic.

Introduction to Symbolic 2-Plithogenic Probability Theory

Introduction to Symbolic 2-Plithogenic Probability Theory
Author: Mohamed Bisher Zeina
Publisher: Infinite Study
Total Pages: 13
Release: 2023-01-01
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN:

In this paper we present for the first time the concept of symbolic plithogenic random variables and study its properties including expected value and variance. We build the plithogenic formal form of two important distributions that are exponential and uniform distributions. We find its probability density function and cumulative distribution function in its plithogenic form. We also derived its expected values and variance and the formulas of its random numbers generating. We finally present the fundamental form of plithogenic probability density and cumulative distribution functions. All the theorems were proved depending on algebraic approach using isomorphisms. This paper can be considered the base of symbolic plithogenic probability theory.

New Trends in Neutrosophic Theory and Applications

New Trends in Neutrosophic Theory and Applications
Author: Florentin Smarandache (editor)
Publisher: Infinite Study
Total Pages: 426
Release: 2016-11-05
Genre: Neutrosophic logic
ISBN: 1599734982

Neutrosophic theory and applications have been expanding in all directions at an astonishing rate especially after the introduction the journal entitled “Neutrosophic Sets and Systems”. New theories, techniques, algorithms have been rapidly developed. One of the most striking trends in the neutrosophic theory is the hybridization of neutrosophic set with other potential sets such as rough set, bipolar set, soft set, hesitant fuzzy set, etc. The different hybrid structure such as rough neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic rough set, bipolar neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set, etc. are proposed in the literature in a short period of time. Neutrosophic set has been a very important tool in all various areas of data mining, decision making, e-learning, engineering, medicine, social science, and some more. The book “New Trends in Neutrosophic Theories and Applications” focuses on theories, methods, algorithms for decision making and also applications involving neutrosophic information. Some topics deal with data mining, decision making, e-learning, graph theory, medical diagnosis, probability theory, topology, and some more. 30 papers by 39 authors and coauthors.

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps
Author: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Publisher: Infinite Study
Total Pages: 213
Release: 2003-01-01
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1931233764

In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itself with the capability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative system that could infuse into itself a representation of the real world. Out of this need arose the system of Neutrosophy (the philosophy of neutralities, introduced by FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE), and its connected logic Neutrosophic Logic, which is a further generalization of the theory of Fuzzy Logic. In this book we study the concepts of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) and their Neutrosophic analogue, the Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs). Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy structures that strongly resemble neural networks, and they have powerful and far-reaching consequences as a mathematical tool for modeling complex systems. Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps are generalizations of FCMs, and their unique feature is the ability to handle indeterminacy in relations between two concepts thereby bringing greater sensitivity into the results. Some of the varied applications of FCMs and NCMs which has been explained by us, in this book, include: modeling of supervisory systems; design of hybrid models for complex systems; mobile robots and in intimate technology such as office plants; analysis of business performance assessment; formalism debate and legal rules; creating metabolic and regulatory network models; traffic and transportation problems; medical diagnostics; simulation of strategic planning process in intelligent systems; specific language impairment; web-mining inference application; child labor problem; industrial relations: between employer and employee, maximizing production and profit; decision support in intelligent intrusion detection system; hyper-knowledge representation in strategy formation; female infanticide; depression in terminally ill patients and finally, in the theory of community mobilization and women empowerment relative to the AIDS epidemic.

Neutrosophic Overset, Neutrosophic Underset, and Neutrosophic Offset. Similarly for Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off- Logic, Probability, and Statistics

Neutrosophic Overset, Neutrosophic Underset, and Neutrosophic Offset. Similarly for Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off- Logic, Probability, and Statistics
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
Total Pages: 170
Release: 2016
Genre: Neutrosophic logic
ISBN: 1599734729

Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and -Logic were defined for the first time by Smarandache in 1995 and published in 2007. They are totally different from other sets/logics/probabilities. He extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is > 1}, Neutrosophic Underset {when some neutrosophic component is < 0}, and to Neutrosophic Offset {when some neutrosophic components are off the interval [0, 1], i.e. some neutrosophic component > 1 and other neutrosophic component < 0}. This is no surprise with respect to the classical fuzzy set/logic, intuitionistic fuzzy set/logic, or classical/imprecise probability, where the values are not allowed outside the interval [0, 1], since our real-world has numerous examples and applications of over-/under-/off-neutrosophic components. Example of Neutrosophic Offset. In a given company a full-time employer works 40 hours per week. Let’s consider the last week period. Helen worked part-time, only 30 hours, and the other 10 hours she was absent without payment; hence, her membership degree was 30/40 = 0.75 < 1. John worked full-time, 40 hours, so he had the membership degree 40/40 = 1, with respect to this company. But George worked overtime 5 hours, so his membership degree was (40+5)/40 = 45/40 = 1.125 > 1. Thus, we need to make distinction between employees who work overtime, and those who work full-time or part-time. That’s why we need to associate a degree of membership strictly greater than 1 to the overtime workers. Now, another employee, Jane, was absent without pay for the whole week, so her degree of membership was 0/40 = 0. Yet, Richard, who was also hired as a full-time, not only didn’t come to work last week at all (0 worked hours), but he produced, by accidentally starting a devastating fire, much damage to the company, which was estimated at a value half of his salary (i.e. as he would have gotten for working 20 hours that week). Therefore, his membership degree has to be less that Jane’s (since Jane produced no damage). Whence, Richard’s degree of membership, with respect to this company, was - 20/40 = - 0.50 < 0. Consequently, we need to make distinction between employees who produce damage, and those who produce profit, or produce neither damage no profit to the company. Therefore, the membership degrees > 1 and < 0 are real in our world, so we have to take them into consideration. Then, similarly, the Neutrosophic Logic/Measure/Probability/Statistics etc. were extended to respectively Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Logic, -Measure, -Probability, -Statistics etc. [Smarandache, 2007]. Keywords: Neutrosophic Overset, Neutrosophic Underset, Neutrosophic Offset; Neutrosophic Overlogic, Neutrosophic Underlogic, Neutrosophic Offlogic; Neutrosophic Overmeasure, Neutrosophic Undermeasure, Neutrosophic Offmeasure; Neutrosophic Overprobability, Neutrosophic Underprobability, Neutrosophic Offprobability; Neutrosophic Overstatistics, Neutrosophic Understatistics, Neutrosophic Offstatistics, etc.

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 40, 2021

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 40, 2021
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
Total Pages: 279
Release:
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN:

“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc.

Special types of bipolar single valued neutrosophic graphs

Special types of bipolar single valued neutrosophic graphs
Author: Ali Hassan
Publisher: Infinite Study
Total Pages: 19
Release: 2017-01-01
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN:

Neutrosophic theory has many applications in graph theory, bipolar single valued neutrosophic graphs (BSVNGs) is the generalization of fuzzy graphs and intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, SVNGs. In this paper we introduce some types of BSVNGs, such as subdivision BSVNGs, middle BSVNGs, total BSVNGs and bipolar single valued neutrosophic line graphs (BSVNLGs), also investigate the isomorphism, co weak isomorphism and weak isomorphism properties of subdivision BSVNGs, middle BSVNGs, total BSVNGs and BSVNLGs.

An Isolated Interval Valued Neutrosophic Graph

An Isolated Interval Valued Neutrosophic Graph
Author: Said Broumi
Publisher: Infinite Study
Total Pages: 14
Release:
Genre:
ISBN:

The interval valued neutrosophic graphs are generalizations of the fuzzy graphs, interval fuzzy graphs, interval valued intuitionstic fuzzy graphs, and single valued neutrosophic graphs. Previously, several results have been proved on the isolated graphs and the complete graphs. In this paper, a necessary and sufficient condition for an interval valued neutrosophic graph to be an isolated interval valued neutrosophic graph is proved.