This book looks at the urban poverty debate bringing together contributions from academics, practitioners and urban poverty specialists to represent a multi-disciplinary approach to the debate, highlighting the need to link policy, institutional and grassroots efforts. The first part of the book considers the structural contexts - how poverty has arisen, how poverty theory has sought to increase our understanding and how the policies of municipal and national authorities have impacted on the poor. The second part deals with institutional responses to urban poverty and is concerned with the possibilities for constructive action. Here, contributors look at poverty assessments that have been instigated by the World Bank and how these should be used, as well as multi-layered approaches to poverty alleviation which could be supported by donor agencies. Real case studies on the work of a South African NGO with the homeless and the work of NGO-promoted micro-finance programmes in the Horn of Africa. The third part explores the grassroots survival strategies of the poor themselves. It looks at the strategies of poor families with particular reference to women's health-seeking behaviour, the plight of street children and old women living alone in Ghana and considers livelihood strategies and the significance of rural-urban linkages for the urban poor in Africa.