Survey And Identification Of Major Fungi Causing Root Rot On Date Palm And Their Relative Importance In Egypt
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| Author | : Baraka, M.A. |
| Publisher | : Dr. Khaled Arafat |
| Total Pages | : 19 |
| Release | : 2011-02-07 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Date palms under the Egyptian conditions are subjected to infection with different diseases caused by many soil-borne pathogenic fungi which may cause considerable losses in the offshoots and trees. A survey was carried out during four years 2005-2008 in seven governorates. Aswan governorate showed the highest disease severity (45.00%), followed by Luxor (37.50%), Behaera (30.50%), Marsa-Matrouh (25.00%), Ismailia (5.00%), Sharkyia (3.75%) and Giza (2.50%). Isolation and identification of associated fungi showed that the most frequent fungi were Fusarium spp. and Thielaviopsis paradoxa, while the least frequent were Botrydiplodia theomromae and Rhizctonia solani. The most virulent fungi were F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. solani and T. paradoxa which were responsible for the root rot incidence that started with gradual yellowing that reached the palm tip followed by quick death. All the tested cultivars were susceptible to infection by the isolated pathogenic fungi. Hayany cultivar was the most susceptible to infection, followed by Sammany cultivar. While Zaghloul cultivar was the least susceptible.
| Author | : Arafat, K.H. |
| Publisher | : Dr. Khaled Arafat |
| Total Pages | : 19 |
| Release | : 2013-03-04 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The decline disease in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has become one of the most severe problems in date palm offshoots of the Egypt. Our previous studies have established that Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Syn: Botryodiplodia theobromae) is one of the fungi causing root rot diseases. This study was carried out in three governorates Bani-suef, Behara and Kaluobia. A survey of governorates was conducted in 2011 and 2012 to collect the root-rotted samples from rhizosphere of declined date palm offshoot and trees. Behara was the most affected governorate with 25.5% disease severity, while in Kaluobia it was 14.5% and in Bani-suef it was 13%. Bartamoda cultivar was the least susceptible to infection by the pathogenic fungus followed by Sakoty, Siwey, Sammany and Zaghloul. L. theobromae was most abundantly isolated fungal pathogen. Colony growth of L. theobromae was maximum at 35ºC and optimum temperature for disease incidence and severity was 30ºC. Relative humidity percentage of 70% is best for the growth of L. theobromae, while the optimum Rh% for disease incidence and severity it was 60%. Water salinity (ECw) at the concentration 15.63 ds/m2 was reduction linear growth of L. theobromae to 17.03%, while at water salinity concentration increased the severity of all cultivars tested. Root exudates from Bartamoda cv. the most effective on growth rate of L. theobromae at concentration 10%, it was reduction linear growth to 41.30%. Jojoba oil proved the best bioagent in vitro suppressing the growth of L. theobromae showing reduction of linear growth to 83.33% at 500 ppm. Plant guard was found the second most effective reduction to 52.96%. Marjoram showed the least efficacy against L. theobromae in all concentrations. Experiments in greenhouse to control the root rot disease proved the Jojoba oil gave the best results to decreased disease severity, followed by Plant guard and the least was Marjoram against L. theobromae at all cultivars tested.
| Author | : Baraka, M.A. |
| Publisher | : Dr. Khaled Arafat |
| Total Pages | : 25 |
| Release | : 2011-02-25 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Several soilborne fungi were isolated from root rots of date palm trees and offshoots, including: Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. solani, Thilaviopsis paradoxa, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Rhizoctonia solani. In vitro testing, the efficacy of plant extract Marjoram at 100% was the most effective against pathogenic fungi, while garlic as essential oil at 500 ppm and jojoba as fixed oil at 500 ppm were the most effective against pathogenic fungi. Plant-Guard at 3.5 ml/L was the most effective against pathogenic fungi. Topsin M70 was the most effective against pathogenic fungi in vitro. In greenhouse Topsin M70 was the most effective to decreased root rot of date palm.
| Author | : M. R. Ahuja |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 513 |
| Release | : 2017-11-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319664263 |
This book provides complete, comprehensive, and broad subject-based reviews for students, teachers, researchers, policymakers, conservationists, and NGOs interested in the biodiversity and conservation of woody plants. Forests cover approximately 31 percent of the world’s total landmass; 93 percent is natural forest and only 7 percent consists of planted trees. Forest decline is progressing at an alarming rate worldwide. In addition to human activities (logging, deforestation, and exploiting forest lands for agriculture and industrial use), a number of other factors – including pests and diseases, drought, soil acidity, radiation, and ozone – are cumulatively contributing to global forest decline. The present situation forces us to focus on forest conservation strategies for the present and future. Gene conservation and maintaining genetic diversity in forest ecosystems are crucial to the preservation of forest genetic resources. This calls for integrated action to implement both the in situ (on site) preservation of forest stands and ex situ (distant from the original site) strategies for the conservation of woody plants’ genetic resources. Selected priority areas include: 1) assessing patterns of genetic diversity and threats, 2) understanding the biological processes regulating genetic diversity, 3) assessing the impact of human activities and climate change on genetic diversity, and 5) finding methods for prioritizing species and populations for the conservation of forest trees genetic resources. All chapters were written by leading scientists in their respective fields, which include: woody plant diversity, ecology and evolution; assessment of genetic diversity in forest tree populations; conservation planning under climate change; and in situ and ex situ strategies, including biotechnological approaches, for the conservation of woody plants genetic resources.
| Author | : John F. Leslie |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 402 |
| Release | : 2008-02-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0470276460 |
For the first time in over 20 years, a comprehensive collection of photographs and descriptions of species in the fungal genus Fusarium is available. This laboratory manual provides an overview of the biology of Fusarium and the techniques involved in the isolation, identification and characterization of individual species and the populations in which they occur. It is the first time that genetic, morphological and molecular approaches have been incorporated into a volume devoted to Fusarium identification. The authors include descriptions of species, both new and old, and provide protocols for genetic, morphological and molecular identification techniques. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual also includes some of the evolutionary biology and population genetics thinking that has begun to inform the understanding of agriculturally important fungal pathogens. In addition to practical “how-to” protocols it also provides guidance in formulating questions and obtaining answers about this very important group of fungi. The need for as many different techniques as possible to be used in the identification and characterization process has never been greater. These approaches have applications to fungi other than those in the genus Fusarium. This volume presents an introduction to the genus Fusarium, the toxins these fungi produce and the diseases they can cause. "The Fusarium Laboratory Manual is a milestone in the study of the genus Fusarium and will help bridge the gap between morphological and phylogenetic taxonomy. It will be used by everybody dealing with Fusarium in the Third Millenium." --W.F.O. Marasas, Medical Research Council, South Africa
| Author | : Hugo Campos |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 524 |
| Release | : 2019-12-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030286835 |
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book provides a fresh, updated and science-based perspective on the current status and prospects of the diverse array of topics related to the potato, and was written by distinguished scientists with hands-on global experience in research aspects related to potato. The potato is the third most important global food crop in terms of consumption. Being the only vegetatively propagated species among the world’s main five staple crops creates both issues and opportunities for the potato: on the one hand, this constrains the speed of its geographic expansion and its options for international commercialization and distribution when compared with commodity crops such as maize, wheat or rice. On the other, it provides an effective insulation against speculation and unforeseen spikes in commodity prices, since the potato does not represent a good traded on global markets. These two factors highlight the underappreciated and underrated role of the potato as a dependable nutrition security crop, one that can mitigate turmoil in world food supply and demand and political instability in some developing countries. Increasingly, the global role of the potato has expanded from a profitable crop in developing countries to a crop providing income and nutrition security in developing ones. This book will appeal to academics and students of crop sciences, but also policy makers and other stakeholders involved in the potato and its contribution to humankind’s food security.
| Author | : Ke-Qin Zhang |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business |
| Total Pages | : 400 |
| Release | : 2014-04-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401787301 |
These chapters provide up-to-date information on nematophagous fungi, particularly those of the Orbiliaceae in Ascomycota, whose asexual states produce nematode-trapping devices. The authors consider fungal-nematode interactions, fossil fungi, the biodiversity, ecology and geographical distribution of nematode-trapping fungi, and their potential use in biocontrol of nematodes, all in detail. Nematode-trapping fungi with adhesive or mechanical hyphal traps are the main focus of this book which begins with an overview of the data on nematode-trapping fungi, including their taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution. Subsequent chapters expand upon the methods and techniques used to study these fascinating fungi. Keys for genera of Arthrobotrys, Drechslerella and Dactylellina, which include all reported species of predatory orbiliaceous fungi are presented and numerous species from these genera are morphologically described and illustrated. The ecology of nematode-trapping fungi is expertly presented: their occurrence and habitats, their geographical and seasonal distribution and the effects of soil conditions and nematode density on their distribution all feature amongst the relevant themes. Further chapters examine the use of nematode-trapping fungi in biological control and the authors consider nematicidal activities in detail, exploring the many compounds from fungi that feature in nematicidal activities and of course useful paths for further study on this topic. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing scientific insight for scholars with an interest in fungi and in biological control of nematodes.
| Author | : Michael J. Wingfield |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 312 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
"This book is based on a symposium held in Bad Windsheim, Germany, in Aug. 1990. The 30 chapters are grouped into 5 sections. Part I concerns morphological taxonomy of the ophiostomatoid fungi, including their anamorphs. In Part II, nonmorphological taxonomic approaches are considered, including genetic, biochemical, developmental and molecular characters. In Part III, the pathological aspects are introduced, beginning with considerations of saprobic growth and progressing through tree diseases to human diseases. Part IV includes reviews of a variety of insect vector systems and host responses to both the insects and the fungi. A few chapters, including information on methods for handling ophiostomatoid fungi, a key for their identification and a list of described species, were not presented at the symposium."--pub. desc.
| Author | : Matteo Garbelotto |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 243 |
| Release | : 2018-04-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3038426717 |
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Forest Pathology and Plant Health" that was published in Forests
| Author | : Jameel M. Al-Khayri |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 241 |
| Release | : 2022-07-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9783030737481 |
This book is the first volume of a comprehensive assemblage of contemporary knowledge relevant to genomics and other omics in date palm. Volume 1 consists of 11 chapters arranged in 3 parts grouped according to subject. Part I, Biology and Phylogeny, focuses on date palm biology, evolution and origin. Part II, Biodiversity and Molecular Identification, covers conformity of in vitro derived plants, molecular markers, barcoding, pollinizer genetics and gender determination. Part III, Genome Mapping and Bioinformatics, addresses genome mapping of nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA, in addition to a chapter on progress made in date palm bioinformatics. This volume represents the efforts of 30 international scientists from 10 countries and contains 78 figures and 30 tables to illustrate presented concepts. Volume 2 is published under the title: Omics and Molecular Breeding.
