Strength Studies of Sea Ice
Author | : Theodore R. Butkovich |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 28 |
Release | : 1956 |
Genre | : Sea ice |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Theodore R. Butkovich |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 28 |
Release | : 1956 |
Genre | : Sea ice |
ISBN | : |
Author | : A. Assur |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 68 |
Release | : 1960 |
Genre | : Salt |
ISBN | : |
Part of the salts contained in sea water are trapped in sea ice upon freezing. They form liquid and solid inclusions in a systematic pattern. The amount depends upon temperature and salinity. A detailed table of phase relations is given and a general theory is derived to show how the internal cavities may affect the strength of sea ice. The general theory leads to specific models. The principle of ring tensile strength tests is explained and a series for evaluation is given. Test data lead to a substantiation of theoretical principles and to an illustration of several hypotheses concerning the effect of solid salt inclusions upon strength. Observed sea ice phenomena are explained on the basis of internal structure. (Author).
Author | : W. F. Weeks |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 100 |
Release | : 1967 |
Genre | : Ice mechanics |
ISBN | : |
The review discusses the state of thinking of each of the main national groups investigating sea ice and gives an overall appraisal of the field as a whole. Emphasis is placed on (1) the physical basis for interpreting sea ice strength (phase relations, air volume, and structural considerations), (2) theoretical considerations (strength models, air bubbles and salt reinforcement, and interrelations between growth conditions and strength), (3) experimental results (tensile, flexural, shear, and compressive strength, elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio, time dependent effects, and creep), and (4) plate characteristics. The paper includes a review of problems in sea ice investigations, relates the chemical, crystallographic, mechanical, and physical aspects involved, and concludes by showing how to utilize this knowledge to solve practical problems. (Author).
Author | : Hajo Eicken |
Publisher | : University of Alaska Press |
Total Pages | : 590 |
Release | : 2010-03-15 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1602231079 |
As much as one-tenth of the world’s oceans are covered with sea ice, or frozen ocean water, at some point during the annual cycle. Sea ice thus plays an important, often defining, role in the natural environment and the global climate system. This book is a global look at the changes in sea ice and the tools and techniques used to measure and record those changes. The first comprehensive research done on sea-ice field techniques, this volume will be indispensable for the study of northern sea ice and a must-have for scientists in the field of climate change research.
Author | : Harold R. Peyton |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 272 |
Release | : 1966 |
Genre | : Sea ice |
ISBN | : |
The report contains the results from a study of the mechanical and structural properties of sea ice; the study commenced in 1958 and was completed in late 1965. Most of the experimental work is based upon stress-strain tests in both direct compression and direct tension. Approximately 3800 of these tests were made. Those parameters anticipated to have significant effect upon strength were measured: temperature, salinity, rate of loading, crystal size, crystallographic orientation, history of the ice and depth in the ice sheet. All of these are found to be significant except that the history factor itself tended to be determined by the other parameters. The analysis was accomplished primarily by testing models by linear multiple regression. The models selected yield good results with multiple correlation coefficients between 0.70 and 0.98 over a range of petrofabric types. Additional work accomplished in conjunction with construction of offshore oil drilling platforms had provided significant information concerning oscillatory failure of sea ice in compression and strength reduction at very high load rates. The ice failure force oscillation is an ice property and is not primarily a function of the response of the structure. The magnitude of oscillation is large and at a frequency in the range of most space frame structures. The failing ice may cause forced resonant vibration in structures, and the forces are large enough to resonantly vibrate structure weighing several thousand tons. (Author).
Author | : Norbert Untersteiner |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2013-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781489953544 |
Based on the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Air-Sea-Ice Interaction held September 28-October 10, 1981 in Acquafredda di maratea, Italy. Intent is to present the topic of sea ice in the broad and interdisciplinary context of atmospheric and oceanographic science.
Author | : E. Peter Jones |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 656 |
Release | : 2000 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9780792364399 |
Two dozen studies from an April-May 1998 conference in Tallinn, Estonia that were carefully commissioned to provide a snapshot of the state of knowledge about the flow of fresh water from Arctic Ocean as of that weekend, one paper even being written afterward to cover for a presentation that was not ready for publication. Meteorologists, hydrologists, oceanographers, and sea-ice specialists explore such aspects as oceanic freshwater fluxes in the climate system, atmospheric components of the Arctic Ocean freshwater balance and their interannual variability, atmospheric components of the hydrologic budget assessed from Rawinsonde data, moisture transport to the drainage basins relating to significant precipitation events and cyclogenesis, the dynamics of river water inflow, a positive-negative estuarine couple, tracer studies, exchanges of freshwater through the shallow straits of the North American Arctic, modeling the variability of exchanges between the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic seas, and the cycle of fresh water freezing and melting. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR