Special Issue Observing And Modeling Earths Energy Flows
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| Author | : Lennart Bengtsson |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2012-09-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9789400743267 |
This book provides a comprehensive presentation of Earth’s energy flows and their consequences for the climate. The Earth’s climate as well as planetary climates in general, are broadly controlled by three fundamental parameters: the solar irradiance, the planetary albedo and the planetary emissivity. Space measurements indicate that these three quantities are remarkably stable. A minor decrease in planetary emissivity is consistent with theoretical calculations. This is due to the ongoing increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases making the atmosphere more opaque to long wave terrestrial radiation. As a consequence radiation processes are slightly out of balance as less heat is leaving the Earth in the form of thermal radiation than the incoming amount of heat from the sun. Present space-based systems cannot yet satisfactorily measure this imbalance, but the effect can be inferred from the measurements of the increase of heat in the oceans. Minor amounts of heat are also used to melt ice and to warm the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth. The book brings to fore the complexity of feedback processes of the Earth’s climate system and in particular the way clouds and aerosols affect the energy balance both directly and indirectly through feed-back loops driven by the dynamics of atmospheric, ocean and land surface processes. The book highlights recent scientific progress as well as remaining challenges. Previously published in Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 33, Nos. 3-4, 2012
| Author | : Lennart Bengtsson |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2016-08-23 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9789401779708 |
This book provides a comprehensive presentation of Earth’s energy flows and their consequences for the climate. The Earth’s climate as well as planetary climates in general, are broadly controlled by three fundamental parameters: the solar irradiance, the planetary albedo and the planetary emissivity. Space measurements indicate that these three quantities are remarkably stable. A minor decrease in planetary emissivity is consistent with theoretical calculations. This is due to the ongoing increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases making the atmosphere more opaque to long wave terrestrial radiation. As a consequence radiation processes are slightly out of balance as less heat is leaving the Earth in the form of thermal radiation than the incoming amount of heat from the sun. Present space-based systems cannot yet satisfactorily measure this imbalance, but the effect can be inferred from the measurements of the increase of heat in the oceans. Minor amounts of heat are also used to melt ice and to warm the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth. The book brings to fore the complexity of feedback processes of the Earth’s climate system and in particular the way clouds and aerosols affect the energy balance both directly and indirectly through feed-back loops driven by the dynamics of atmospheric, ocean and land surface processes. The book highlights recent scientific progress as well as remaining challenges. Previously published in Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 33, Nos. 3-4, 2012
| Author | : Kevin E. Trenberth |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 337 |
| Release | : 2022-01-13 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 1108838863 |
Elegant, novel explanation of climate change, emphasizing physical understanding and concepts, while avoiding complex mathematics, supported by excellent color illustrations.
| Author | : The Royal Society |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 74 |
| Release | : 2014-02-26 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309302021 |
Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.
| Author | : Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah |
| Publisher | : UTeM Press |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 2022-04-01 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9672792190 |
This e-book is a compilation of papers presented at the 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE-SEAM 2021) - Virtual Platform, Malaysia on 23 November 2021. This special edition of proceedings has 17 selected papers that focus on IR4.0, including 3D printing and advanced materials, and how it might impact energy systems in numerous ways for sustainable development, especially during the pandemic COVID19.
| Author | : Richeng Liu |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 578 |
| Release | : 2019-09-30 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3039214233 |
The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.
| Author | : James L. Horwitz |
| Publisher | : American Geophysical Union |
| Total Pages | : 414 |
| Release | : 1998-02-04 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 104. The International Solar-Terrestrial Program (ISTP) was conceived by the space agencies of numerous countries as a coordinated effort to determine the global flow of mass, energy and momentum through the solar-terrestrial system. The physical region of interest extends from the Sun through the solar wind, to the terrestrial magnetosphere, down to the ionosphere, with the principal focus on the magnetosphere and its coupling with the solar wind and ionosphere. With the launch of NASA's POLAR spacecraft in February 1996, the major elements of the ISTP program were in place. This volume is one of the very first compendiums of both new observations and new modeling results either directly or indirectly deriving from this major ISTP undertaking.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 620 |
| Release | : 1968 |
| Genre | : Weights and measures |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 526 |
| Release | : 2011-01-10 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309145880 |
Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.
| Author | : S. Böhme |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 787 |
| Release | : 2013-12-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3662123347 |
Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is devoted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It is prepared under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (according to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970). Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documenta tion of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly abstracting journals, compared to which our system of accumu lating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 31 contains literature published in 1982 and received before July 15, 1982; some older literature which was received late and which is not recorded in earlier volumes is also included. We acknowledge with thanks contributions to this volume by Dr. J. Bouska, Prague, who surveyed journals and publications in Czech and supplied us with abstracts in English .
