Solitons And Condensed Matter Physics Proceedings Of The Symposium On Non Linear Soliton Structure And Dynamics In Condensed Matter Oxford England June 27 29 1978
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| Author | : A.R. Bishop |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 353 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642812910 |
Nonl inear ideas of a "sol iton" variety have been a unifying influence on the na tura 1 sci ences for many decades. HO~/ever, thei r uni versa 1 a pprec i at i on in the physics community as a genuine paradigm is very much a current develop ment. All of us who have been associated with this recent wave of enthusiasm were impressed with the variety of applications, their inevitability once the mental contraint of linear normal modes is removed, and above all by the common mathematical structures underpinning applications with quite different (and often novel) physical manifestations. This has certainly been the situ ation in condensed matter, and when, during the Paris Lattice Dynamics Con ference (September 1977), one of us (T.S.) first suggested a condensed matter soliton Meeting, the idea was strongly encouraged. It would provide an opportunity to exhibit the common mathematical problems, illuminate the new contexts, and thereby focus the "subject" of nonlinear physics at this embryonic stage of its evolution. The original conception was to achieve a balance of mathematicians and phy~cis~ such that each would benefit from the other's expertise and out look. In contrast to many soliton Meetings, hO~/ever, a deliberate attempt was made to emphasize physics contexts rather than mathematical details.
| Author | : C. Vidal |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 287 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642817785 |
An international conference. titled Nonlinear Phenomena in Chemical Dynamics was held in Bordeaux on September 7-11, 1981. The present volume contains the text of lectures and abstracts of posters presented during the meeting. This conference is part of a series of scientific multidisciplinary meetings in which chemistry is involved at various levels. Amongst the most recent ones let us mention Aachen 1979, Bielefeld 1979, New York 1979, Elmau 1981. In addition, this meeting is a direct extension of the first one that took place in Bordeaux in 1978 on the topic "Far from equilibrium: instabilities and structures," at the conclusions of which we could write (cf. Far fram Equilibrium, Springer Series in Synergetics, Vol. 3): "The three key words, far fram equilibriUm, instabilities and structuPes, best illustrate the new concepts which emerge from the description of the dynamics of various systems relevant to many different research areas. " The present proceedings show how much these remarks have remained true, even though substantial progress has been achieved during the three last years. To get a ,deeper experimental knowledge of open reacting systems, to model and simulate reaction-diffusion systems, to develop the mathematical theory of dynamical sys tems, these are the main direction~ in current investigations.
| Author | : G. Güttinger |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 309 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642673635 |
This volume is the record and product of two International Symposia on the Appli cation of Catastrophe Theory and Topological Concepts in Physics, held in May and December 1978 at the Institute for Information Sciences, University of TUbingen. The May Symposium centered around the conferral of an honorary doctorate upon Professor Rene Thom, Paris, by the Faculty of Physics of the University of TUbingen in recognition of his discovery of universal structure principles and the new di mension he has added to scientific knowledge by his pioneering work on structural stability and morphogenesis. Owing to the broad scope and rapid development of the field, the May Sympos,ium was followed in December by a second one on the same sub jects. The symposia, attended by more than 50 scientists, brought together mathe maticians, physicists, chemists and biologists to exchange ideas about the recent faSCinating impact of topological concepts on the physical sciences, and also to introduce young scientists to the field. The contributions, covering a wide spectrum, are summarized in the subsequent Introduction. The primary support of the Symposia was provided by the "Vereinigung der Freunde der Univertat TUbingen" (Association of the Benefactors of the University). We are particularly indebted to Dr. H. Doerner for his personal engagement and efficient help with the projects, both in his capacity as Secretary of the Association and as Administrative Director of the University.
| Author | : U. Gonser |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 206 |
| Release | : 2013-04-18 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3662088673 |
Some newly discovered effects lose their glamor after a short period of euphoria. Others, however, retain their fascination for a long time and, even as they mature, display unexpected features. The Mossbauer effect belongs to the second category. Rudolf Mossbauer's discovery of recoilless gamma-ray emission in 1957 immediately caused a flurry of attention, and confirming work appeared almost at once. Since then the flow of publications has steadily increased. Most studies follow predict abl e paths; the essential aspects of these "conventional" experiments have been described in the first volume of the present work (Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 5). These straightforward investigations have not, however, exhausted the field, boredom has not set in, and unexpected applications continue to appear. In the present volume, Uli Gonser has collected contributions that display the "exotic" side of the Mossbauer effect. They range from a masterly de scription of the red-shift experiment to a clear exposition of a powerful solution to the old and painful phase problem in crystallography. Each of the contributions exhibits a different side of recoilless gamma-ray emission. Together they show that the field is very much alive and continues to delight us with elegant solutions to old problems, unanticipated glimpses at new phenomena, clever uses of new technical possibilities, and ingenious applications to fields far away from physics. I believe that novel features of the Mossbauer effect will continue to appear and that new applications will still be found.
| Author | : A. Pacault |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 188 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 3642672620 |
This volume gathers most of the lectures and communications presented at the meeting t held in Bordeaux from the 27th to the 29 h of September and entitled "Far from equi librium : instabilities and structures". This meeting is part of a series of seve ral other interdisciplinary conferences such as Elmau 1972, London 1974, Dortmund 1976, Elmau 1977, Tokyo 1978. The old science classification scheme proposed by Auguste Comte tends to be eve ry day a bit more blurred out: one gives here, if needed, one additional illustra tion of this trend. The three key words "far from equilibrium", "instabilities" and "structures" best illustrate the new concepts which emerge from the description of the dynamics of various systems relevant to many different research areas. Laser emission, chemical reactions, fluid motions, exhibit very particular phenomena when, under appropriate external action,they occur far from equilibrium. These proceedings include the experimental description of such phenomena as well as theoretical at tempts in understanding them. Most of the topics investigated here belong to the domains of physics and chemistry but one should be careful not to underestimate the underlying potential biological interest. If the study of simple systems (e. g. , described by a few variables) has been qui te successful for several centuries, the recent bearing of our attention on complex systems constitutes a genuine epistemological breakthrough bridging the gap which used to exist between the sciences and the humanism.
| Author | : Shozo Takeno |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 292 |
| Release | : 2013-03-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3662024497 |
This volume contains most of the papers presented in the oral session of the 7th Kyoto Summer Institute (KSI) . on Dynamical Problems in Soliton Systems, held in Kyoto from August 27 to 31, 1984. Furthermore, it contains contributions of R.K. Bullough, H.H. Chen, A.S. Davydov, and N. Sanchez, who unfortunately could not attend. Thirty-six papers were presented in the oral session and 17 papers in the poster session. The meeting brought together 109 physicists and mathematicians, of which 22 were from abroad (see group photograph). The KSI is an international meeting organized by the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics (RIFP), Kyoto University to discuss various cur re nt problems of fundamental importance in theoretical physics. The 7th KSI was the first international meeting on solitons in Japan. Early in 1983, it was feit in the RIFP that the time was ripe for a conference dealing with problems concerning solitons. The RIFP asked us to organize the confer ence. The Organizing Committee consisted of: R. Hirota (Hiroshima) T. Taniuti (Nagoya) Y.H. Ichikawa (Nagoya) M. Toda (Tokyo) Z. Maki (Kyoto) M. Wadati (Tokyo) N. Yajima (Fukuoka) S. Takeno (Kyoto) Since its discovery, the study of the soliton as a stable particle-like state of nonlinear systems has caught the imagination of physicists and mathemati cians.
| Author | : Lu Yu |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 774 |
| Release | : 1988 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9789971500542 |
Polyacetylence, (CH)x is the simplest conjugated polymer. Prestine polyacetylence is a good insulator, whereas its highly doped version exhibits metal-like electrical conductivity. This book gives a detailed introduction to this rapidly-developing field is given along with a collection of original papers. The main purpose is to help chemists and physicists grasp the main ideas and most important facts; an expert may also find it useful as a reference volume.
| Author | : R. Bonifacio |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 158 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642817173 |
In studying the radiation-matter interaction, one can take two different approaches. The first is typical of spectroscopy: one considers the interaction between radi ation and a single atom, i. e. , one studies those phenomena in which the presence of other atoms is irrelevant. The other attitude consists, in contrast, in studying those phenomena which arise just from the simultaneous presence of many atoms. In fact, all the atoms interact with the same electromagnetic field; under suitable conditions, this situation creates strong atom-atom correlations, which in turn give rise to a cooperative behavior of the system as a whole. Cooperative means that the overall behavior is quite different from the superposition of the effects arising from single atoms and is completely unpredictable if one neglects the coup ling between the atoms induced by their common electromagnetic field. This book contains five complete and up-to-date contributions on the theory and experiments of three coherence effects in radiation-matter interaction: resonance fluorescences, optical bistability, and superfluorescence. They have raised in creasing interest in recent years from both a fundamental and an applicative view point. Even if their phenomenology appears completely different, these effects be long in the same book because they are striking examples of open systems driven far from thermal equilibrium, as those considered in Haken's synergetics and in Prigogine's theory of dissipative structures. This aspect is discussed in the in troducting chapter, in which we outline the basic physics and the essential features which unify these three effects.
| Author | : Ted Janssen |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 551 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0198824440 |
This book explains aperiodic crystals, which cannot be described by the classical model of 3-dimensional periodicities. The study of these new types of material necessitates describing them in dimensions larger than three. It describes the physical and mathematical methods to solve and characterize them, and to understand their physical properties.
| Author | : P. Hautojärvi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 266 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 364281316X |
In condensed matter initially fast positrons annihilate after having reached equi librium with the surroundings. The interaction of positrons with matter is governed by the laws of ordinary quantum mechanics. Field theory and antiparticle properties enter only in the annihilation process leading to the emergence of energetic photons. The monitoring of annihilation radiation by nuclear spectroscopic methods provides valuable information on the electron-positron system which can directly be related to the electronic structure of the medium. Since the positron is a positive electron its behavior in matter is especially interesting to solid-state and atomic physi cists. The small mass quarantees that the positron is really a quantum mechanical particle and completely different from any other particles and atoms. Positron physics started about 25 years ago but discoveries of new features in its interac tion with matter have maintained continuous interest and increasing activity in the field. Nowadays it is becoming part of the "stock-in-trade" of experimental physics.
