Handbook of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment

Handbook of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment
Author: Yohsuke Kamide
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 539
Release: 2007-08-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540463151

As a star in the universe, the Sun is constantly releas- cover a wide range of time and spatial scales, making ?? ing energy into space, as much as ?. ? ?? erg/s. Tis observations in the solar-terrestrial environment c- energy emission basically consists of three modes. Te plicated and the understanding of processes di?cult. ?rst mode of solar energy is the so-called blackbody ra- In the early days, the phenomena in each plasma diation, commonly known as sunlight, and the second region were studied separately, but with the progress mode of solar electromagnetic emission, such as X rays of research, we realized the importance of treating and UV radiation, is mostly absorbed above the Earth’s the whole chain of processes as an entity because of stratosphere. Te third mode of solar energy emission is strong interactions between various regions within in the form of particles having a wide range of energies the solar-terrestrial system. On the basis of extensive from less than ? keV to more than ? GeV. It is convenient satellite observations and computer simulations over to group these particles into lower-energy particles and thepasttwo decades, it hasbecomepossibleto analyze higher-energy particles, which are referred to as the so- speci?cally the close coupling of di?erent regions in the lar wind and solar cosmic rays, respectively. solar-terrestrial environment.

History of Shock Waves, Explosions and Impact

History of Shock Waves, Explosions and Impact
Author: Peter O. K. Krehl
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 1298
Release: 2008-09-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540304215

This unique and encyclopedic reference work describes the evolution of the physics of modern shock wave and detonation from the earlier and classical percussion. The history of this complex process is first reviewed in a general survey. Subsequently, the subject is treated in more detail and the book is richly illustrated in the form of a picture gallery. This book is ideal for everyone professionally interested in shock wave phenomena.

Cosmic Winds and the Heliosphere

Cosmic Winds and the Heliosphere
Author: Jack Randolph Jokipii
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
Total Pages: 1060
Release: 1997-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780816518258

Contributors examine the physics of wind origin and physical phenomena in winds, including heliospheric shocks, magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, and kinetic phenomena--and their interactions with surrounding media. Contributions range from studies of the interstellar cloud surrounding the solar system to solar wind interaction with comets.

Venus Aeronomy

Venus Aeronomy
Author: C.T. Russell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 494
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 940113300X

For almost three decades since Mariner 2 flew by the planet in December 1962, Venus has been the subject of intense investigation by both the Soviet and American space programs. Since the intrinsic magnetic field of Venus is exceedingly weak, if it exists at all, we expect many phenomena of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere of Venus to differ from their terrestrial counterparts. While flybys and landings of the many Venus missions provided useful data on these phenomena, orbital missions were needed for their detailed investigation. Such orbital missions were provided by the Soviet program with Veneras 9 and 10 in October 1975 and by the United States with the Pioneer Venus Orbiter in December 1978. Originally designed for a prime mission of only 243 days, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter is still functioning over a decade later, providing data nearly - hours a day through one of the most active solar cycles to date. We expect these transmis sions to continue until September 1992 when gravitation perturbations will lower the periapsis of the PVO orbit so that the spacecraft will be lost to the atmosphere. The Venera 9 and 10 and the Pioneer Venus observations have led to an explosion of knowledge about the upper atmosphere and ionosphere of Venus and their interaction with the solar wind. The availability of data over a full solar cycle has.

Ionospheres

Ionospheres
Author: Robert Schunk
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 641
Release: 2009-08-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0521877067

Describes the physical, plasma and chemical processes controlling ionospheres, upper atmospheres and exospheres, for researchers and graduates.

Corotating Interaction Regions

Corotating Interaction Regions
Author: A. Balogh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 508
Release: 2000-01-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780792360803

This volume gives a comprehensive and integrated overview of current knowledge and understanding of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the solar wind. It is the result of a workshop at ISSI, where space scientists involved in the Ulysses, Pioneer, Voyager, IMP-8, Wind, and SOHO missions exchanged their data and interpretations with theorists in the fields of solar and heliospheric physics. The book provides a broad synthesis of current understanding of CIRs, which form at the interface between the fast solar wind originating in the northern and southern coronal holes and the slow solar wind that originates near and within coronal streamers surrounding the heliomagnetic equator. CIRs are the dominant structure in the heliosphere near and beyond Earth on the declining phase and near the minimum of the 11-year solar activity cycle. Particles energized at the shocks that bound CIRs at heliospheric distances beyond the orbit of Earth are the dominant energetic particle population observed in the outer heliosphere at these times. Papers included in this volume cover the subject of CIRs from their dissipation in the outer hemisphere, and include discussions of complexities associated with their evolution with distance from the Sun, their three-dimensional structure, and the myriad effects that CIRs have on energetic particles throughout the heliosphere. The book is intended to provide scientists active in space physics research with an up-to-date status report on current understanding of CIRs and their effects in the heliosphere, and also to serve the advanced graduate student with introductory material on this active field of research.

Space Weather

Space Weather
Author: Klaus Scherer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2005-01-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9783540229070

The various processes that connect the physics of the Sun with that of the Earth`s environment has become known as "Space Weather" during recent years, a slogan that has emerged in connection with many other expressions adapted from meteorology, such as solar wind, magnetic clouds or polar rain. This volume is intended as a first graduate-level textbook-style account on the physics of these solar-terrestrial relations and their impact on our natural and technological environment.

Planetary Atmospheric Electricity

Planetary Atmospheric Electricity
Author: François Leblanc
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 373
Release: 2008-12-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0387876634

This book is a comprehensive discussion of all issues related to atmospheric electricity in our solar system. It details atmospheric electricity on Earth and other planets and discusses the development of instruments used for observation.