Soil Crusting Chemical & Physical Processes
| Author | : Malcolm E. Sumner |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 394 |
| Release | : 1992-08-14 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
Soil Crusting Chemical Physical Processes
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Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management
| Author | : Jayne Belnap |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 496 |
| Release | : 2013-12-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642564755 |
In arid lands, where vegetation is sparse or absent, the open ground is not bare but generally covered by a community of small, highly specialized organisms. Cyanobacteria, algae, microfungi, lichens, and bryophytes aggregate soil particles to form a coherent skin - the biological soil crust. It stabilizes and protects the soil surface from erosion by wind and water, influences water runoff and infiltration, and contributes nitrogen and carbon to desert soils. Soil surface disturbance, such as heavy livestock grazing, human trampling or off-road vehicles, breaks up the fragile soil crust, thus compromising its stability, structure, and productivity. This book is the first synthesis of the biology of soil crusts and their importance as an ecosystem component. Composition and functioning of different soil-crust types are discussed, and case studies are used to show the impact of crusts on landscape hydrology, soil stability, nutrient cycles, and land management.
Methods for Assessment of Soil Degradation
| Author | : Rattan Lal |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 578 |
| Release | : 2020-11-26 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1000142108 |
Soil degradation has serious global impacts on agronomic, economic, and sociopolitical conditions, however, statistics regarding the degree of these impacts has been largely unreliable. This book aims to standardize the methodology for obtaining reliable and objective data on soil degradation. It will also identify and develop criteria for assessing the severity of soil degradation, providing a realistic scenario of the problem.
Principles of Soil Physics
| Author | : Rattan Lal |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 699 |
| Release | : 2004-05-28 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0824751272 |
Principles of Soil Physics examines the impact of the physical, mechanical, and hydrological properties and processes of soil on agricultural production, the environment, and sustainable use of natural resources. The text incorporates valuable assessment methods, graphs, problem sets, and tables from recent studies performed around the globe and offers an abundance of tables, photographs, and easy-to-follow equations in every chapter. The book discusses the consequences of soil degradation, such as erosion, inhibited root development, and poor aeration. It begins by defining soil physics, soil mechanics, textural properties, and packing arrangements . The text continues to discuss the theoretical and practical aspects of soil structure and explain the significance and measurement of bulk density, porosity, and compaction. The authors proceed to clarify soil hydrology topics including hydrologic cycle, water movement, infiltration, modeling, soil evaporation, and solute transport processes. They address the impact of soil temperature on crop growth, soil aeration, and the processes that lead to the emission of greenhouse gases. The final chapters examine the physical properties of gravelly soils and water movement in frozen, saline, and water-repellant soils. Reader-friendly and up-to-date, Principles of Soil Physics provides unparalleled coverage of issues related to soil physics, structure, hydrology, aeration, temperature, and analysis and presents practical techniques for maintaining soil quality to ultimately preserve its sustainability.
Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands
| Author | : Bettina Weber |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 540 |
| Release | : 2016-05-21 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 3319302140 |
This volume summarizes our current understanding of biological soil crusts (biocrusts), which are omnipresent in dryland regions. Since they cover the soil surface, they influence, or even control, all surface exchange processes. Being one of the oldest terrestrial communities, biocrusts comprise a high diversity of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens and bryophytes together with uncounted bacteria, and fungi. The authors show that biocrusts are an integral part of dryland ecosystems, stabilizing soils, influencing plant germination and growth, and playing a key role in carbon, nitrogen and water cycling. Initial attempts have been made to use biocrusts as models in ecological theory. On the other hand, biocrusts are endangered by local disruptions and global change, highlighting the need for enhanced recovery methods. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the fascinating field of biocrust research, making it indispensable not only for scientists in this area, but also for land managers, policy makers, and anyone interested in the environment.
Encyclopedia of Agrophysics
| Author | : Jan Gliński |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 1075 |
| Release | : 2011-06-07 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9048135842 |
This Encyclopedia of Agrophysics will provide up-to-date information on the physical properties and processes affecting the quality of the environment and plant production. It will be a "first-up" volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series. In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented. The authors will be renowned specialists in various aspects in agrophysics from a wide variety of countries. Agrophysics is important both for research and practical use not only in agriculture, but also in areas like environmental science, land reclamation, food processing etc. Agrophysics is a relatively new interdisciplinary field closely related to Agrochemistry, Agrobiology, Agroclimatology and Agroecology. Nowadays it has been fully accepted as an agricultural and environmental discipline. As such this Encyclopedia volume will be an indispensable working tool for scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, like agriculture, soil science, geosciences, environmental science, geography, and engineering.
Interpretation of Micromorphological Features of Soils and Regoliths
| Author | : Georges Stoops |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 1002 |
| Release | : 2018-09-17 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0444635424 |
Interpretation of Micromorphological Features of Soils and Regoliths, Second Edition, provides researchers and students with a tool for interpreting features observed in soil thin sections and through submicroscopic studies. After an introduction and general overview, micromorphological aspects of regoliths (e.g., saprolites, transported materials) are highlighted, followed by a systematic and coherent discussion of the micromorphological expression of various pedogenic processes. The book is written by an international team of experts in the field, using a uniform set of concepts and terminology, making it a valuable interdisciplinary reference work. The following topics are treated: freeze-thaw features, redoximorphic features, calcareous and gypsiferous formations, textural features, spodic and oxic horizons, volcanic materials, organic matter, surface horizons, laterites, surface crusts, salt minerals, biogenic and pedogenic siliceous materials, other authigenic silicates, phosphates, sulphidic and sulphuric materials, and features related to faunal activity. The last chapters address anthropogenic features,archaeological materials and palaeosoils. - Updates the first exhaustive publication on interpretation of micromorphological features, with some new chapters and with a larger number of additional references - Covers related topics, making micromorphology more attractive and accessible for geomorphologists, archaeologists and quaternary geologists Includes thematic treatment of a range of soil micromorphology fields and broadens its applications - Features input from a multi-disciplinary team, ensuring thorough coverage of topics related to soil science, archaeology and geomorphology
Soil Constraints and Productivity
| Author | : Nanthi Bolan |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 635 |
| Release | : 2023-05-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1000879275 |
Identifying, interpreting, and managing soil constraints are major challenges, especially when multiple constraints occur in the same soil at various depth zones. Although amelioration tools and strategies are available to manage some of these constraints, field adoption of these technologies is a major challenge to the farming community. Soil Constraints and Productivity helps in identifying and understanding soil constraints, focusing on management practices to alleviate problems associated with these restrictions, and their impacts on crop productivity. Soil Constraints and Productivity aims to: Describe various strategies suitable for mitigating soil constraints Provide data on cost-benefit analysis of managing soil constraints Provide case studies of managing soil constraints to increase productivity Soil is essential for the doubling of major grain production proposed to be necessary to avoid major food security collapses in the future. This book will be a key resource for soil and environmental scientists, farmers, students majoring in agricultural and environmental sciences, and crop consultants.
Bioremediation of Emerging Contaminants from Soils
| Author | : Prasann Kumar |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 725 |
| Release | : 2024-05-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0443139946 |
Bioremediation of Emerging Contaminants from Soils: Soil Health Conservation Along with Food Security deals with current challenges of sustainable soil health using eco-friendly approaches. This book provides ways of reducing the chemicals burden on the soil by maintaining balance in terms of society, environment and economy, which are considered basic pillars of sustainability. Designed to highlight soil health best practices for both environmental and agricultural sustainability, these approaches are also considered important for improving global food security by ensuring safe growing conditions for crops for food and feed. Presented in two parts, the book first highlights emerging contaminants and their sources. The second part explores a variety of steps and tools for addressing contaminated soils including bio- and phytoremediation options. Case studies in each part provide real-world insights for practical application. This book will be unique in the specified area of sustainability using the principles of bioremediation. Moreover, scientists, researchers, and policymakers will receive insights to develop and explore innovate approaches to achieve sustainable development goals. - Contains the latest practical and theoretical aspects of the soil health crisis and its management - Presents collective information to ensure the remediation of soil from emerging contaminants - Serves as baseline information for environmental issues in agriculture along with their alternative eco-friendly solutions
Natural Hazards
| Author | : Ramesh Singh |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 506 |
| Release | : 2018-03-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1351681206 |
Over the years, the interactions between land, ocean, biosphere and atmosphere have increased, mainly due to population growth and anthropogenic activities, which have impacted the climate and weather conditions at local, regional and global scales. Thus, natural hazards related to climate changes have significantly impacted human life and health on different spatio-temporal scales and with socioeconomic bearings. To monitor and analyze natural hazards, satellite data have been widely used in recent years by many developed and developing countries. In an effort to better understand and characterize the various underlying processes influencing natural hazards, and to carry out related impact assessments, Natural Hazards: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Landslides, presents a synthesis of what leading scientists and other professionals know about the impacts and the challenges when coping with climate change. Combining reviews of theories and methods with analysis of case studies, the book gives readers research information and analyses on satellite geophysical data, radar imaging and integrated approaches. It focuses also on dust storms, coastal subsidence and remote sensing mapping. Some case studies explore the roles of remote sensing related to landslides and volcanoes. Overall, improved understanding of the processes leading to these hazardous events will help scientists predict their occurrence. Features Provides information on the physics and physical processes of natural hazards, their monitoring and the mapping of damages associated with these hazards Explains how natural hazards are strongly associated with coupling between land–ocean–atmosphere Includes a comprehensive overview of the role of remote sensing in natural hazards worldwide Examines risk assessment in urban areas through numerical modelling and geoinformation technologies Demonstrates how data analysis can be used to aid in prediction and management of natural hazards
