Socially Anxious Individuals Conflicted Emotional And Cognitive Responses To Self Verifying And Self Enhancing Others
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| Author | : Marlena M. Szpunar |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 90 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This study investigated how individuals with social anxiety respond to others who provide them with positive (self-enhancing) or negative (self-verifying) feedback. The findings are based on data from 276 undergraduate students (74 males and 202 females). Participants completed a standardized measure of social anxiety and then answered questions about themselves in front of a one-way mirror. They received positive and negative written feedback on their social abilities supposedly from two student observers on the other side of the mirror. The feedback was actually predetermined and identical across participants. Experimenters instructed participants to consider each feedback paragraph and then imagine interacting with the respective observer. Participants rated their interest in contact with each observer, their emotional response, their guesses about the observer's traits, their perception of the observer's expectations of them and their perception of their own social ability. Regardless of social anxiety, participants reported more interest in further contact with the observer who provided positive, as opposed to negative, feedback. When participants with high social anxiety imagined interacting with the observer who provided positive, as opposed to negative, feedback they experienced more positive emotion; however, they rated this observer to be significantly less astute and trustworthy than the observer who provided negative feedback. Further, they thought they were more likely to fail to meet the positive observer's favourable expectations, than the negative observer's low expectations of them in the future. Participants with high social anxiety show evidence of a cognitive-affective crossfire (Swann, Griffin, Predmore, & Gaines, 1987) with emotional responses favouring self-enhancement strivings and cognitive responses favouring self-verification strivings. In contrast, participants with mid and low social anxiety reported emotional responses and observer ratings that were congruent and positive towards the observer who gave positive feedback, and vice versa for the observer who gave negative feedback. Thus, individuals with high social anxiety's interest in and emotional response to others who provided positive and negative feedback were similar to individuals with mid or low anxiety. Their cognitive attributions, however, differed and may play a role in maintaining their negative self-views and complicating their interpersonal interactions.
| Author | : National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (Great Britain) |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 323 |
| Release | : 2013-08-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9781909726031 |
Social anxiety disorder is persistent fear of (or anxiety about) one or more social situations that is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the situation and can be severely detrimental to quality of life. Only a minority of people with social anxiety disorder receive help. Effective treatments do exist and this book aims to increase identification and assessment to encourage more people to access interventions. Covers adults, children and young people and compares the effects of pharmacological and psychological interventions. Commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). The CD-ROM contains all of the evidence on which the recommendations are based, presented as profile tables (that analyse quality of data) and forest plots (plus, info on using/interpreting forest plots). This material is not available in print anywhere else.
| Author | : Alexandre Heeren |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 99 |
| Release | : 2015-03-05 |
| Genre | : Cognitive therapy |
| ISBN | : 288919423X |
Social anxiety (SA) is a common and incapacitating disorder that has been associated with seriously impaired career, academic, and general social functioning. Regarding epidemiological data, SA has a lifetime prevalence of 12.1% and is the fourth most common psychopathological disorder (Kessler et al., 2005). At a fundamental point of view, the most prominent cognitive models of SA posit that biased cognitions contribute to the development and maintenance of the disorder (e.g., Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997). Over the last decades, a large body of research has provided evidence that individuals suffering from SA exhibit such biased cognitions at the level of visual attention, memory of social encounters, interpretation of social events, and in judgment of social cues. Such biased cognitions in SA has been studied in different ways within cognitive psychology, behavioral psychology, clinical psychology, and cognitive neuroscience over the last few decades, yet, integrative approaches for channeling all information into a unified account of biased cognitions in SA has not been presented so far. The present Research Topic aims to bring together theses different ways, and to highlight findings and methods which can unify research across these areas. In particular, this Research Topic aims to advance the current theoretical models of SA and set the stage for future developments of the field by clarifying and linking theoretical concepts across disciplines.
| Author | : Lusia Stopa |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 281 |
| Release | : 2009-06-02 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1134133677 |
Imagery and the Threatened Self considers the role that images of the self play in a number of common mental health problems and how these images can be used to help sufferers to recover from mental health problems.
| Author | : Richard G. Heimberg |
| Publisher | : Guilford Press |
| Total Pages | : 456 |
| Release | : 1995-10-27 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 9781572300125 |
In this book, internationally renowned contributors fill a critical gap in the literature by providing an overview of current work in the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of social phobia, the third most common psychiatric disorder.
| Author | : Olivia Bolt |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 700 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Anxiety disorders |
| ISBN | : |
The present thesis set out to investigate two cognitive factors in social anxiety disorder. One factor was enhanced self-focused attention, which has been proposed as key maintaining factor of the disorder and has found empirical support in several studies. In the present thesis, self-focused attention was further investigated in three studies. In two of them, self-focused attention was assessed with an adapted dot-probe task. In the first study, self-focused attention was measured in patients with social anxiety disorder and compared to patients with other anxiety disorders and non-clinical controls (Chapter Two). In the second study, self-focused attention was measured in patients with social anxiety disorder before and after a course of cognitive therapy (Chapter Three). The final study examined whether certain types of self-focused attention were particularly problematic in social anxiety (Chapter Four). The second cognitive factor studied in the present thesis has not been empirically investigated before. It was hypothesized that high socially anxious individuals might show a distorted perception of how much they are observed by other people as measured in an objective experimental task. Additionally, it was proposed that this distorted perception might be influenced by enhanced self-focused attention (Chapter Five). -- Chapter Two found that social anxiety disorder patients and patients with other anxiety disorders show enhanced self-focused attention on an adapted dot-probe task compared with non-clinical controls. This effect was shown in anticipation of social-evaluative threat (giving a speech), but not in a non social-evaluative threat condition.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 2475 |
| Release | : 2012-01-31 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0080961800 |
The Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, Second Edition, Three Voluime Set is an award-winning three-volume reference on human action and reaction, and the thoughts, feelings, and physiological functions behind those actions. Presented alphabetically by title, 300 articles probe both enduring and exciting new topics in physiological psychology, perception, personality, abnormal and clinical psychology, cognition and learning, social psychology, developmental psychology, language, and applied contexts. Written by leading scientists in these disciplines, every article has been peer-reviewed to establish clarity, accuracy, and comprehensiveness. The most comprehensive reference source to provide both depth and breadth to the study of human behavior, the encyclopedia will again be a much-used reference source. This set appeals to public, corporate, university and college libraries, libraries in two-year colleges, and some secondary schools. Carefully crafted, well written, and thoroughly indexed, the encyclopedia helps users—whether they are students just beginning formal study of the broad field or specialists in a branch of psychology—understand the field and how and why humans behave as we do. Named a 2013 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication Concise entries (ten pages on average) provide foundational knowledge of the field Each article features suggested further readings, a list of related websites, a 5-10 word glossary and a definition paragraph, and cross-references to related articles in the encyclopedi Newly expanded editorial board and a host of international contributors from the United States, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom
| Author | : Richard J Davidson |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 1218 |
| Release | : 2009-05-21 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0195377001 |
One hundred stereotype maps glazed with the most exquisite human prejudice, especially collected for you by Yanko Tsvetkov, author of the viral Mapping Stereotypes project. Satire and cartography rarely come in a single package but in the Atlas of Prejudice they successfully blend in a work of art that is both funny and thought-provoking. The book is based on Mapping Stereotypes, Yanko Tsvetkov's critically acclaimed project that became a viral Internet sensation in 2009. A reliable weapon against bigots of all kinds, it serves as an inexhaustible source of much needed argumentation and-occasionally-as a nice slab of paper that can be used to smack them across the face whenever reasoning becomes utterly impossible. The Complete Collection version of the Atlas contains all maps from the previously published two volumes and adds twenty five new ones, wrapping the best-selling series in a single extended edition.
| Author | : Mel McKendrick |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Cognitive behavioural models of social anxiety (i.e. Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) conflict in their predictions regarding attention to facial expressions/gestures. Clark and Wells predict that anxiety is maintained in a social situation by decreased attention towards social cues, precipitated by increased self-focused attention. This results in missed opportunities for positive reinforcement from approving audience responses. Rapee and Heimberg argue that attention is split between imagining ones' own performance and scanning the audience for signs of social disapproval. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of self-relevance and attention in emotional cue processing. Studies 1-3 investigated cognitive processes in face perception using static face paradigms. The results of an eye tracking composite face task (Study 1) indicated that emotion categorisation occurred rapidly and independently of context. However the effect of viewing an emotional face on the observer involved higher cognitive processes such as prior expectations and self-relevance. In an online composite face categorisation task (Study 2) socially anxious individuals reported that they focused less on angry eyes when categorising a threatening face than less socially anxious participants. Furthermore, in an eye tracking antisaccade task (Study 3), socially anxious participants processed emotional faces with greater attentional control than neutral faces. Taken together these studies suggest that processing differences may account for attentional biases in socially anxious individuals but attention appears to be independent of context in static face paradigms. In studies 4 and 5, processing efficiency was investigated using dynamic video clips. When the social threat was moderate in an emotion categorisation task 19 (Study 4), socially anxious individuals processed social cues more efficiently and interpreted ambiguous social cues more negatively than less anxious individuals, however, efficiency was slowed when the threat was heightened during a live speech eye tracking task (Study 5). Despite increased attention to emotional compared to neutral faces as the task progressed, no evidence was found for group differences in attention to social cues. However, there were group differences in awareness of social cues and socially anxious participants demonstrated lower self-confidence post-task. This suggests that biased interpretations of social cues in performance situations may not depend on biased attentional processes.
| Author | : Lusia Stopa |
| Publisher | : Guilford Publications |
| Total Pages | : 280 |
| Release | : 2021-07-06 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 1462547303 |
Richly illustrated with clinical material, this book presents specific techniques for working with multisensory imagery in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Leading researcher-clinician Lusia Stopa explores how mental images--similarly to verbal cognitions--can trigger distress and drive maladaptive behavior. She guides the therapist to assess imagery and help clients to recognize and explore it. A range of interventions are described, including imaginal exposure, imaginal reliving, rescripting, working with self-images, and using positive imagery to improve well-being. Extensive sample dialogues and a chapter-length case example demonstrate the techniques in action with clients with a range of frequently encountered psychological problems.
