The essays in this book originate from a joint project between the National University of Singapore (NUS) and University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) on the theme of Chinese emigration and settlement, with reference to the process of adaptation. The papers here feature the Chinese immigrants in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore--the problems they faced in the Western colonies; their social, cultural, and economic activities; and their attempts to adjust to the new environment especially after these colonies became independent. The process of change and adaptation is reflected in their communities and their literature.