Silicon Chemical Etching
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| Author | : J. Grabmaier |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 234 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642687652 |
In the first contribution to this volume we read that the world-wide production of single crystal silicon amounts to some 2000 metric tons per year. Given the size of present-day silicon-crystals, this number is equivalent to 100000 silicon-crystals grown every year by either the Czochralski (80%) or the floating-zone (20%) technique. But, to the best of my knowledge, no coherent and comprehensive article has been written that deals with "the art and science", as well as the practical and technical aspects of growing silicon crystals by the Czochralski technique. The same could be said about the floating-zone technique were it not for the review article by W. Dietze, W. Keller and A. Miihlbauer which was published in the preceding Volume 5 ("Silicon") of this series (and for a monograph by two of the above authors published about the same time). As editor of this volume I am very glad to have succeeded in persuading two scien tists, W. Zulehner and D. Huber, of Wacker-Chemitronic GmbH - the world's largest producer of silicon-crystals - to write a comprehensive article about the practical and scientific aspects of growing silicon-crystals by the Czochralski method and about silicon wafer manufacture. I am sure that many scientists or engineers who work with silicon crystals -be it in the laboratory or in a production environment - will profit from the first article in this volume.
| Author | : Monika Freunek Muller |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 154 |
| Release | : 2021-08-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1119242010 |
PHOTOVOLTAIC MANUFACTURING This book covers the state-of-the-art and the fundamentals of silicon wafer solar cells manufacturing, written by world-class researchers and experts in the field. High quality and economic photovoltaic manufacturing is central to realizing reliable photovoltaic power supplies at reasonable cost. While photovoltaic silicon wafer manufacturing is at a mature, industrial and mass production stage, knowing and applying the fundamentals in solar manufacturing is essential to anyone working in this field. This is the first book on photovoltaic wet processing for silicon wafers, both mono- and multi-crystalline. The comprehensive book provides information for process, equipment, and device engineers and researchers in the solar manufacturing field. The authors of the chapters are world-class researchers and experts in their field of endeavor. The fundamentals of wet processing chemistry are introduced, covering etching, texturing, cleaning and metrology. New developments, innovative approaches, as well as current challenges are presented. Benefits of reading the book include: The book includes a detailed discussion of the important new development of black silicon, which is considered to have started a new wave in photovoltaics and become the new standard while substantially lowering the cost. Photovoltaics are central to any country’s “New Green Deal” and this book shows how to manufacture competitively. The book’s central goal is to show photovoltaic manufacturing can be done with enhanced quality and lowering costs. Audience Engineers, chemists, physicists, process technologists, in both academia and industry, that work with photovoltaics and their manufacture.
| Author | : Sabu Thomas |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 761 |
| Release | : 2019-06-12 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0128133384 |
Nanomaterials for Solar Cell Applications provides a review of recent developments in the field of nanomaterials based solar cells. It begins with a discussion of the fundamentals of nanomaterials for solar calls, including a discussion of lifecycle assessments and characterization techniques. Next, it reviews various types of solar cells, i.e., Thin film, Metal-oxide, Nanowire, Nanorod and Nanoporous materials, and more. Other topics covered include a review of quantum dot sensitized and perovskite and polymer nanocomposites-based solar cells. This book is an ideal resource for those working in this evolving field of nanomaterials and renewable energy. - Provides a well-organized approach to the use of nanomaterials for solar cell applications - Discusses the synthesis, characterization and applications of traditional and new material - Includes coverage of emerging nanomaterials, such as graphene, graphene-derivatives and perovskites
| Author | : Leigh Canham |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 1000 |
| Release | : 2021-01-14 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9783319045085 |
The Handbook of Porous Silicon brings together the expertise of a large, international team of almost 100 academic researchers, engineers, and product developers from industry across electronics, medicine, nutrition and consumer care to summarize the field in its entirity with 150 chapters and 5000 references. The volume presents 5 parts which cover fabrication techniques, material properties, characterization techniques, processing and applications. Much attention was given in the the past to its luminescent properties, but increasingly it is the biodegradability, mechanical, thermal and sensing capabilities that are attracting attention. The volume is divided into focussed data reviews with, wherever possible, quantitative rather than qualitative descriptions of both properties and performance. The book is targeted at undergraduates, postgraduates, and experienced researchers.
| Author | : Volker Lehmann |
| Publisher | : Wiley-VCH |
| Total Pages | : 300 |
| Release | : 2002-04-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
Silicon has been and will most probably continue to be the dominant material in semiconductor technology. Although the defect-free silicon single crystal is one of the best understood systems in materails science, its electrochemistry to many people is still a kind of "alchemy". This view is partly due to the interdisciplinary aspects of the topic: Physics meets chemistry at the silicon-electrolyte interface. This book gives a comprehensive overview of this important aspect of silicon technology as well as examples of applications ranging from photonic crystals to biochips. It will serve materials scientists as well as engineers involved in silicon technology as a quick reference with its more than 150 technical tables and diagrams and ca. 1000 references cited for easy access of the original literature.
| Author | : Joachim Frühauf |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 229 |
| Release | : 2005-12-05 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3540268766 |
This methodic manual presents a survey of the form-related and functional elements of the bulk silicon microtechnique. It gives a systematic description of simple shape elements and of elements for mechanical, fluidic and optical applications. This manual includes practical instructions for the use of the relevant techniques and an extensive collection of examples for the support of the search for applications via photographs, drawings and references. It serves as a valuable guide to the design of etch masks and processes while summarizing the important properties of silicon, especially aiming at producers of sensors and microtechnical components, as well as producers of components of precision engineering and optical applications.
| Author | : M. J. Sailor |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 214 |
| Release | : 2012-01-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3527641912 |
By means of electrochemical treatment, crystalline silicon can be permeated with tiny, nanostructured pores that entirely change the characteristics and properties of the material. One prominent example of this can be seen in the interaction of porous silicon with living cells, which can be totally unwilling to settle on smooth silicon surfaces but readily adhere to porous silicon, giving rise to great hopes for such future applications as programmable drug delivery or advanced, braincontrolled prosthetics. Porous silicon research is active in the fields of sensors, tissue engineering, medical therapeutics and diagnostics, photovoltaics, rechargeable batteries, energetic materials, photonics, and MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems). Written by an outstanding, well-recognized expert in the field, this book provides detailed, step-by-step instructions to prepare and characterize the major types of porous silicon. It is intended for those new to the fi eld. Sampling of topics covered: * Principles of Etching Porous Silicon * Etch Cell Construction and Considerations * Photonic Crystals, Microcavities, and Bragg Stacks Etched in Silicon * Preparation of Free-standing Films and Particles of Porous Silicon * Preparation of Photoluminescent Nanoparticles from Porous Silicon * Preparation of Silicon Nanowires by Electrochemical Etch of Silicon * Surface Modifi cation Chemistry and Biochemistry * Measurement of Optical Properties * Measurement of Pore Size, Porosity, Thickness, Surface Area The whole is backed by a generous use of color photographs to illustrate the described procedures in detail, plus a bibliography of further literature pertinent to a wide range of application fi elds. For materials scientists, chemists, physicists, optical physicists, biomaterials scientists, neurobiologists, bioengineers, and graduate students in those fields, as well as those working in the semiconductor industry.
| Author | : Arvind Shah |
| Publisher | : EPFL Press |
| Total Pages | : 472 |
| Release | : 2010-08-19 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9781420066746 |
Photovoltaic technology has now developed to the extent that it is close to fulfilling the vision of a "solar-energy world," as devices based on this technology are becoming efficient, low-cost and durable. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of thin-film silicon, a prevalent PV material, in terms of its semiconductor nature, starting out with the physical properties, but concentrating on device applications. A special emphasis is given to amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon as photovoltaic materials, along with a model that allows these systems to be physically described in the simplest manner possible, thus allowing the student or scientist/engineer entering the field of thin-film electronics to master a few basic concepts that are distinct from those in the field of conventional semiconductors. The main part of the book deals with solar cells and modules by illustrating the basic functioning of these devices, along with their limitations, design optimization, testing and fabrication methods. Among the manufacturing processes discussed are plasma-assisted and hot-wire deposition, sputtering, and structuring techniques.
| Author | : Perrin Walker |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 1434 |
| Release | : 1990-12-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781439822531 |
This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.
| Author | : Golla Eranna |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 432 |
| Release | : 2014-12-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1482232812 |
Silicon, as a single-crystal semiconductor, has sparked a revolution in the field of electronics and touched nearly every field of science and technology. Though available abundantly as silica and in various other forms in nature, silicon is difficult to separate from its chemical compounds because of its reactivity. As a solid, silicon is chemically inert and stable, but growing it as a single crystal creates many technological challenges. Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI is one of the first books to cover the systematic growth of silicon single crystals and the complete evaluation of silicon, from sand to useful wafers for device fabrication. Written for engineers and researchers working in semiconductor fabrication industries, this practical text: Describes different techniques used to grow silicon single crystals Explains how grown single-crystal ingots become a complete silicon wafer for integrated-circuit fabrication Reviews different methods to evaluate silicon wafers to determine suitability for device applications Analyzes silicon wafers in terms of resistivity and impurity concentration mapping Examines the effect of intentional and unintentional impurities Explores the defects found in regular silicon-crystal lattice Discusses silicon wafer preparation for VLSI and ULSI processing Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI is an essential reference for different approaches to the selection of the basic silicon-containing compound, separation of silicon as metallurgical-grade pure silicon, subsequent purification, single-crystal growth, and defects and evaluation of the deviations within the grown crystals.
