Sensory-motor Integration for Control of Digit Position in Grasping and Manipulation

Sensory-motor Integration for Control of Digit Position in Grasping and Manipulation
Author: Daisuke Shibata
Publisher:
Total Pages: 123
Release: 2014
Genre: Fingers
ISBN:

Dexterous manipulation is a representative task that involves sensorimotor integration underlying a fine control of movements. Over the past 30 years, research has provided significant insight, including the control mechanisms of force coordination during manipulation tasks. Successful dexterous manipulation is thought to rely on the ability to integrate the sense of digit position with motor commands responsible for generating digit forces and placement. However, the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of digit position-force coordination are not well understood. This dissertation addresses this question through three experiments that are based on psychophysics and object lifting tasks. It was found in psychophysics tasks that sensed relative digit position was accurately reproduced when sensorimotor transformations occurred with larger vertical fingertip separations, within the same hand, and at the same hand posture. The results from a follow-up experiment conducted in the same digit position-matching task while generating forces in different directions reveal a biased relative digit position toward the direction of force production. Specifically, subjects reproduced the thumb CoP higher than the index finger CoP when vertical digit forces were directed upward and downward, respectively, and vice versa. It was also found in lifting tasks that the ability to discriminate the relative digit position prior to lifting an object and modulate digit forces to minimize object roll as a function of digit position are robust regardless of whether motor commands for positioning the digits on the object are involved. These results indicate that the erroneous sensorimotor transformations of relative digit position reported here must be compensated during dexterous manipulation by other mechanisms, e.g., visual feedback of fingertip position. Furthermore, predicted sensory consequences derived from the efference copy of voluntary motor commands to generate vertical digit forces may override haptic sensory feedback for the estimation of relative digit position. Lastly, the sensorimotor transformations from haptic feedback to digit force modulation to position appear to be facilitated by motor commands for active digit placement in manipulation.

Sensorimotor Control of Grasping

Sensorimotor Control of Grasping
Author: Dennis A. Nowak
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 537
Release: 2009-06-25
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0521881579

Provides a contemporary summary of the physiology and pathophysiology of the manipulative and exploratory functions of the human hand.

Cortical Sensorimotor Mechanisms for Neural Control of Skilled Manipulation

Cortical Sensorimotor Mechanisms for Neural Control of Skilled Manipulation
Author: Patrick M. McGurrin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 140
Release: 2017
Genre: Electroencephalography
ISBN:

The human hand is a complex biological system. Humans have evolved a unique ability to use the hand for a wide range of tasks, including activities of daily living such as successfully grasping and manipulating objects, i.e., lifting a cup of coffee without spilling. Despite the ubiquitous nature of hand use in everyday activities involving object manipulations, there is currently an incomplete understanding of the cortical sensorimotor mechanisms underlying this important behavior. One critical aspect of natural object grasping is the coordination of where the fingers make contact with an object and how much force is applied following contact. Such force-to-position modulation is critical for successful manipulation. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these motor processes remain less understood, as previous experiments have utilized protocols with fixed contact points which likely rely on different neural mechanisms from those involved in grasping at unconstrained contacts. To address this gap in the motor neuroscience field, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) were used to investigate the role of primary motor cortex (M1), as well as other important cortical regions in the grasping network, during the planning and execution of object grasping and manipulation. The results of virtual lesions induced by TMS and EEG revealed grasp context-specific cortical mechanisms underlying digit force-to-position coordination, as well as the spatial and temporal dynamics of cortical activity during planning and execution. Together, the present findings provide the foundation for a novel framework accounting for how the central nervous system controls dexterous manipulation. This new knowledge can potentially benefit research in neuroprosthetics and improve the efficacy of neurorehabilitation techniques for patients affected by sensorimotor impairments.

Reach-to-Grasp Behavior

Reach-to-Grasp Behavior
Author: Daniela Corbetta
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 418
Release: 2018-08-28
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0429885938

Reaching for objects in our surroundings is an everyday activity that most humans perform seamlessly a hundred times a day. It is nonetheless a complex behavior that requires the perception of objects’ features, action selection, movement planning, multi-joint coordination, force regulation, and the integration of all of these properties during the actions themselves to meet the successful demands of extremely varied task goals. Even though reach-to-grasp behavior has been studied for decades, it has, in recent years, become a particularly growing area of multidisciplinary research because of its crucial role in activities of daily living and broad range of applications to other fields, including physical rehabilitation, prosthetics, and robotics. This volume brings together novel and exciting research that sheds light into the complex sensory-motor processes involved in the selection and production of reach-to-grasp behaviors. It also offers a unique life-span and multidisciplinary perspective on the development and multiple processes involved in the formation of reach-to-grasp. It covers recent and exciting discoveries from the fields of developmental psychology and learning sciences, neurophysiology and brain sciences, movement sciences, and the dynamic field of developmental robotics, which has become a very active applied field relying on biologically inspired models. This volume is a rich and valuable resource for students and professionals in all of these research fields, as well as cognitive sciences, rehabilitation, and other applied sciences.

Human and Robot Hands

Human and Robot Hands
Author: Matteo Bianchi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 284
Release: 2016-02-24
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 331926706X

This book looks at the common problems both human and robotic hands encounter when controlling the large number of joints, actuators and sensors required to efficiently perform motor tasks such as object exploration, manipulation and grasping. The authors adopt an integrated approach to explore the control of the hand based on sensorimotor synergies that can be applied in both neuroscience and robotics. Hand synergies are based on goal-directed, combined muscle and kinematic activation leading to a reduction of the dimensionality of the motor and sensory space, presenting a highly effective solution for the fast and simplified design of artificial systems. Presented in two parts, the first part, Neuroscience, provides the theoretical and experimental foundations to describe the synergistic organization of the human hand. The second part, Robotics, Models and Sensing Tools, exploits the framework of hand synergies to better control and design robotic hands and haptic/sensing systems/tools, using a reduced number of control inputs/sensors, with the goal of pushing their effectiveness close to the natural one. Human and Robot Hands provides a valuable reference for students, researchers and designers who are interested in the study and design of the artificial hand.

Hand Function

Hand Function
Author: Mehmet Tuncay Duruöz
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 357
Release: 2019-07-30
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3030170004

This practical guide aids clinicians in distinguishing the different dimensions of hand function such as impairment, disability, and handicap. New and updated chapters discuss cerebral palsy, sports injuries, robotics, and assistive technologies. Extensively revised, the book provides a broad overview of the basic principles and examination of hand function. It describes how to evaluate hand function in specific afflicted populations, including the rheumatoid patient, the stroke patient, the trauma patient, the geriatric patient, and the pediatric patient as well as special populations such as diabetes mellitus patients and musicians. It also includes an appendix of hand function scales essential to the assessment of disability. The Second Edition of Hand Function is an ideal resource for all rheumatologists, physiatrists, hand surgeons, orthopedists, occupational therapists, and physical therapists caring for patients with impaired hand function.

Sensorimotor Control of Grasping

Sensorimotor Control of Grasping
Author: Dennis A. Nowak
Publisher:
Total Pages: 509
Release: 2009
Genre: Hand
ISBN: 9780511578809

The human hand can take on a huge variety of shapes and functions, providing its owner with a powerful hammer at one time or a delicate pair of forceps at another. The universal utility of the hand is even more enhanced by the ability to amplify the function of the hand by using tools. To understand and appreciate how the human brain controls movements of the hand, it is important to investigate both the healthy motor behaviour and dysfunction during everyday manipulative tasks. This book provides a contemporary summary of the physiology and pathophysiology of the manipulative and exploratory functions of the human hand. With contributions from scientists and clinical researchers of biomechanics, kinesiology, neurophysiology, psychology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, it covers the development of healthy human grasping over the lifespan, the wide spectrum of disability in the pathological state and links basic motor research with modern brain sciences.