Russian Influence and Unconventional Warfare Operations in the Gray Zone

Russian Influence and Unconventional Warfare Operations in the Gray Zone
Author: Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Cap
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 60
Release: 2018-03-31
Genre:
ISBN: 9781987420975

The invasion and illegal annexation of Crimea in the spring of 2014 represents the breadth of Russia's influence campaign in Ukraine and the violation of Ukrainian sovereignty represents the first attempt to change the boundary of a European nation since the end of the Cold War. Russian operations span the spectrum from covert information operations intended to influence political opinion to overt deployment of military forces for unconventional warfare designed to dominate civilian populations. We cannot afford to understate its importance or ignore its lessons. The commander of United States European Command [EUCOM], General Scaparrotti, characterized the Russian operations in Crimea as activities short of war or, commonly referred to [as] the "gray zone." The Russian influence campaign and unconventional warfare efforts in Ukraine contain all the hallmarks of the gray zone operations: ambiguity of attribution, indirect approach, and below the threshold of open conflict. Russia's gray zone activities in Crimea are important for us to review, and unique because it was an influence campaign of propaganda and disinformation, culminating in the employment of Russian special operations forces on the sovereign territory of Ukraine. General Scaparrotti [has also] stated that Russia is using a range of military and nonmilitary tools to, "undermine the international system and discredit those in the West who have created it." [According to] General Scaparrotti, Russia takes not only a military approach, but a, "whole-of-government approach" to information warfare to include intelligence and other groups, which accounts for its rapid and agile use of social media and cyber.

Competing in the Gray Zone

Competing in the Gray Zone
Author: Stacie L. Pettyjohn
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020-01-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781977404022

The authors of this report summarize a series of war games played to better understand European vulnerabilities to Russian gray zone tactics--ambiguous actions that target domestic or international public opinion--and how to effectively counter them.

Support to Resistance

Support to Resistance
Author: Will Irwin
Publisher: Independently Published
Total Pages: 238
Release: 2019-05-09
Genre:
ISBN: 9781097619832

This monograph is the first in a planned series of three volumes that will provide Special Operations Forces (SOF) with an in-depth study of resistance movements. Mr. Will Irwin provides a wealth of case studies focused on the United States Government's support to resistance movements. For each of his case studies the author summarizes in a clear, concise manner the duration of U.S. support, the political environments or conditions, the type of operation, the purpose or objective of U.S. support, and the ultimate outcome: success, partial success, failure, or an inconclusive outcome. Unfolding world events are indicative of the need for SOF to maintain and enhance traditional unconventional warfare (UW) skills, but those skills must be assessed in the context of modern resistance movement dynamics. This work will serve as a benchmark reference on resistance movements for the benefit of the special operations community and its civilian leadership.

The Red Zone: Russian Conflict Management in the Gray Zone

The Red Zone: Russian Conflict Management in the Gray Zone
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 54
Release: 2016
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN:

The nature of modern warfare has undergone a major shift. The types of warfare human civilization has witnessed exist on a continuum ranging from total war to civil peace. Until recently, the majority of armed conflicts have taken a relatively similar shape. Warfare for the last millennium entailed two or more nations confronting each other with the full might of their military capacity. Victory has been conventionally determined by either the surrender or destruction of one’s foe. Other forms of war have existed that take a very different form. Labels ascribed to these forms of war include unconventional war, insurgency, rebellion, revolt, skirmish, or revolution. At bottom, these labels refer to a type of conflict that falls somewhere between the two ends—in the “Grey Area”— of the continuum. These conflicts are still aimed at imposing the will of one group or nation onto another through the use of violence and coercion; however, Grey Zone conflicts differ from conventional military encounters by deliberately remaining under the threshold of conventional military force. Grey Zone conflicts also differ in tactics and strategies, primarily utilizing methods of deception and subversion. Further, the goals that constitute success in Grey Zone conflicts are more nuanced. Rather than the conventional objective of winning via annihilation of one’s foe, Grey Zone conflicts sometimes require persuading a population, gaining the acquiescence of a population or nation and avoiding the escalation of violence. This major shift in modern warfare is the rise in the frequency of Grey Zone conflicts to the point where they represent the majority of international conflicts. As such, understanding the nature of these conflicts to a more precise degree, including how major powers wage and manage them, is of paramount importance to the security of the United States. The adversarial relationship between the United States and Russia places special emphasis on understanding how Russia manages this form of war. Russia’s involvement in two recent Grey Zone conflicts, Ukraine and Syria, reveals much about the ways, means, and ends the Russian government applies in the Grey Zone.

Russian-Soviet Unconventional Wars in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Afghanistan [Illustrated Edition]

Russian-Soviet Unconventional Wars in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Afghanistan [Illustrated Edition]
Author: Dr. Robert F. Baumann
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Total Pages: 296
Release: 2015-11-06
Genre: History
ISBN: 1782899650

[Includes 12 maps and 4 tables] In recent years, the U.S. Army has paid increasing attention to the conduct of unconventional warfare. However, the base of historical experience available for study has been largely American and overwhelmingly Western. In Russian-Soviet Unconventional Wars in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Afghanistan, Dr. Robert F. Baumann makes a significant contribution to the expansion of that base with a well-researched analysis of four important episodes from the Russian-Soviet experience with unconventional wars. Primarily employing Russian sources, including important archival documents only recently declassified and made available to Western scholars, Dr. Baumann provides an insightful look at the Russian conquest of the Caucasian mountaineers (1801-59), the subjugation of Central Asia (1839-81), the reconquest of Central Asia by the Red Army (1918-33), and the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979-89). The history of these wars—especially as it relates to the battle tactics, force structure, and strategy employed in them—offers important new perspectives on elements of continuity and change in combat over two centuries. This is the first study to provide an in-depth examination of the evolution of the Russian and Soviet unconventional experience on the predominantly Muslim southern periphery of the former empire. There, the Russians encountered fierce resistance by peoples whose cultures and views of war differed sharply from their own. Consequently, this Leavenworth Paper addresses not only issues germane to combat but to a wide spectrum of civic and propaganda operations as well.

The Russian Way of War

The Russian Way of War
Author: Lester W. Grau
Publisher: Mentor Military
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2018
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781940370194

Force Structure, Tactics, and Modernization of the Russian Ground Forces The mighty Soviet Army is no more. The feckless Russian Army that stumbled into Chechnya is no more. Today's Russian Army is modern, better manned, better equipped and designed for maneuver combat under nuclear-threatened conditions. This is your source for the tactics, equipment, force structure and theoretical underpinnings of a major Eurasian power. Here's what the experts are saying: "A superb baseline study for understanding how and why the modern Russian Army functions as it does. Essential for specialist and generalist alike." -Colonel (Ret) David M. Glantz, foremost Western author on the Soviet Union in World War II and Editor of The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. "Congratulations to Les Grau and Chuck Bartles on filling a gap which has yawned steadily wider since the end of the USSR. Their book addresses evolving Russian views on war, including the blurring of its nature and levels, and the consequent Russian approaches to the Ground Forces' force structuring, manning, equipping, and tactics. Confidence is conferred on the validity of their arguments and conclusions by copious footnoting, mostly from an impressive array of primary sources. It is this firm grounding in Russian military writings, coupled with the authors' understanding of war and the Russian way of thinking about it, that imparts such an authoritative tone to this impressive work." -Charles Dick, former Director of the Combat Studies Research Centre, Senior Fellow at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, author of the 1991 British Army Field Manual, Volume 2, A Treatise on Soviet Operational Art and author of From Victory to Stalemate The Western Front, Summer 1944 and From Defeat to Victory, The Eastern Front, Summer 1944. "Dr. Lester Grau's and Chuck Bartles' professional research on the Russian Armed Forces is widely read throughout the world and especially in Russia. Russia's Armed Forces have changed much since the large-scale reforms of 2008, which brought the Russian Army to the level of the world's other leading armies. The speed of reform combined with limited information about their core mechanisms represented a difficult challenge to the authors. They have done a great job and created a book which could be called an encyclopedia of the modern armed forces of Russia. They used their wisdom and talents to explore vital elements of the Russian military machine: the system of recruitment and training, structure of units of different levels, methods and tactics in defense and offence and even such little-known fields as the Arctic forces and the latest Russian combat robotics." -Dr. Vadim Kozyulin, Professor of Military Science and Project Director, Project on Asian Security, Emerging Technologies and Global Security Project PIR Center, Moscow. "Probably the best book on the Russian Armed Forces published in North America during the past ten years. A must read for all analysts and professionals following Russian affairs. A reliable account of the strong and weak aspects of the Russian Army. Provides the first look on what the Russian Ministry of Defense learned from best Western practices and then applied them on Russian soil." -Ruslan Pukhov, Director of the Moscow-based Centre for the Analysis of Strategies and Technologies (CAST) and member of the Public Council of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense. Author of Brothers Armed: Military Aspects of the Crisis in Ukraine, Russia's New Army, and The Tanks of August.