Development and Assessment of a Hierarchical Control Strategy for Electric-Thermal Systems in Household Energy Supply

Development and Assessment of a Hierarchical Control Strategy for Electric-Thermal Systems in Household Energy Supply
Author: Tanja Manuela Kneiske
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 210
Release: 2024-01-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3737611793

Future energy infrastructure requires efficient and flexible residential energy systems. Model predictive control (MPC) enables optimized behavior by considering energy predictions. This study focuses on minimizing cost and uncertainties using MPC in electric- thermal systems. In addition a hierarchical control approach is proposed and evaluated through simulation in a new software framework called OptFlex and a laboratory experiment. The control system combines electricity and heat components for flexible and efficient energy production and consumption. It enables cost-effective and CO2 minimal utilization and a simple solution of accounting for the differences between forecasted and measured values of the energy components. The MPC is validated in a laboratory test for a PV-CHP system. Results show reliable control with a deviation of approximately 12%. The study also investigates a variable combined control variant to save computation time but incurs higher operating costs. The developed hierarchical control system effectively flexibilities, addresses uncertainties and can be applied to different energy systems including heat pumps.

Methods and Concepts for Designing and Validating Smart Grid Systems

Methods and Concepts for Designing and Validating Smart Grid Systems
Author: Thomas I. Strasser
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 408
Release: 2019-11-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3039216481

Energy efficiency and low-carbon technologies are key contributors to curtailing the emission of greenhouse gases that continue to cause global warming. The efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions also strongly affect electrical power systems. Renewable sources, storage systems, and flexible loads provide new system controls, but power system operators and utilities have to deal with their fluctuating nature, limited storage capabilities, and typically higher infrastructure complexity with a growing number of heterogeneous components. In addition to the technological change of new components, the liberalization of energy markets and new regulatory rules bring contextual change that necessitates the restructuring of the design and operation of future energy systems. Sophisticated component design methods, intelligent information and communication architectures, automation and control concepts, new and advanced markets, as well as proper standards are necessary in order to manage the higher complexity of such intelligent power systems that form smart grids. Due to the considerably higher complexity of such cyber-physical energy systems, constituting the power system, automation, protection, information and communication technology (ICT), and system services, it is expected that the design and validation of smart-grid configurations will play a major role in future technology and system developments. However, an integrated approach for the design and evaluation of smart-grid configurations incorporating these diverse constituent parts remains evasive. The currently available validation approaches focus mainly on component-oriented methods. In order to guarantee a sustainable, affordable, and secure supply of electricity through the transition to a future smart grid with considerably higher complexity and innovation, new design, validation, and testing methods appropriate for cyber-physical systems are required. Therefore, this book summarizes recent research results and developments related to the design and validation of smart grid systems.

Renewable Energies for Sustainable Development

Renewable Energies for Sustainable Development
Author: M. Dolores Esteban
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 442
Release: 2021-08-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3036513825

In the current scenario in which climate change dominates our lives and in which we all need to combat and drastically reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, renewable energies play key roles as present and future energy sources. Renewable energies vary across a wide range, and therefore, there are related studies for each type of energy. This Special Issue is composed of studies integrating the latest research innovations and knowledge focused on all types of renewable energy: onshore and offshore wind, photovoltaic, solar, biomass, geothermal, waves, tides, hydro, etc. Authors were invited submit review and research papers focused on energy resource estimation, all types of TRL converters, civil infrastructure, electrical connection, environmental studies, licensing and development of facilities, construction, operation and maintenance, mechanical and structural analysis, new materials for these facilities, etc. Analyses of a combination of several renewable energies as well as storage systems to progress the development of these sustainable energies were welcomed.

Advances in Control Techniques for Smart Grid Applications

Advances in Control Techniques for Smart Grid Applications
Author: Sajal Kumar Das
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 382
Release: 2022-03-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811698562

To meet the increasing demand of electrical power, the use of renewable energy-based smart grid is attracting significant attention in recent years throughout the world. The high penetration of renewable power in the smart grids is growing its importance due to its non-finishing, reusable, reliable, sustainable, lower cost, and available characteristics. The renewable energy-based smart grid technology may mitigate the increasing energy demands effectively and efficiently without hampering the environment. But the uncertain nature of renewable sources largely affects the operation of the smart grid by un-stabling the voltage and frequency that may introduces power quality and reliability problems, which requires special control techniques. This book investigates the challenges in controlling renewable energy-based smart grids and proposes different control techniques to control the voltage and frequency effectively to improve the power quality and reliability of the power grids. This book is a valuable resource for readers interested in practical solutions in smart grids and renewable energy systems.

Robust Power System Frequency Control

Robust Power System Frequency Control
Author: Hassan Bevrani
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 401
Release: 2014-06-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319072781

This updated edition of the industry standard reference on power system frequency control provides practical, systematic and flexible algorithms for regulating load frequency, offering new solutions to the technical challenges introduced by the escalating role of distributed generation and renewable energy sources in smart electric grids. The author emphasizes the physical constraints and practical engineering issues related to frequency in a deregulated environment, while fostering a conceptual understanding of frequency regulation and robust control techniques. The resulting control strategies bridge the gap between advantageous robust controls and traditional power system design, and are supplemented by real-time simulations. The impacts of low inertia and damping effect on system frequency in the presence of increased distributed and renewable penetration are given particular consideration, as the bulk synchronous machines of conventional frequency control are rendered ineffective in emerging grid environments where distributed/variable units with little or no rotating mass become dominant. Frequency stability and control issues relevant to the exciting new field of microgrids are also undertaken in this new edition. As frequency control becomes increasingly significant in the design of ever-more complex power systems, this expert guide ensures engineers are prepared to deploy smart grids with optimal functionality.

Green Energy

Green Energy
Author: Suman Lata Tripathi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 640
Release: 2021-02-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119760763

Like most industries around the world, the energy industry has also made, and continues to make, a long march toward “green” energy. The science has come a long way since the 1970s, and renewable energy and other green technologies are becoming more and more common, replacing fossil fuels. It is, however, still a struggle, both in terms of energy sources keeping up with demand, and the development of useful technologies in this area. To maintain the supply for electrical energy, researchers, engineers and other professionals in industry are continuously exploring new eco-friendly energy technologies and power electronics, such as solar, wind, tidal, wave, bioenergy, and fuel cells. These technologies have changed the concepts of thermal, hydro and nuclear energy resources by the adaption of power electronics advancement and revolutionary development in lower manufacturing cost for semiconductors with long time reliability. The latest developments in renewable resources have proved their potential to boost the economy of any country. Green energy technology has not only proved the concept of clean energy but also reduces the dependencies on fossil fuel for electricity generation through smart power electronics integration. Also, endless resources have more potential to cope with the requirements of smart building and smart city concepts. A valuable reference for engineers, scientists, chemists, and students, this volume is applicable to many different fields, across many different industries, at all levels. It is a must-have for any library.

Innovation in Electrical Power Engineering, Communication, and Computing Technology

Innovation in Electrical Power Engineering, Communication, and Computing Technology
Author: Manohar Mishra
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 573
Release: 2021-12-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811670765

This book features selected high-quality papers from the Second International Conference on Innovation in Electrical Power Engineering, Communication, and Computing Technology (IEPCCT 2021), held at Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India, on 24–26 September 2021. Presenting innovations in power, communication, and computing, it covers topics such as mini, micro, smart and future power grids; power system economics; energy storage systems; intelligent control; power converters; improving power quality; signal processing; sensors and actuators; image/video processing; high-performance data mining algorithms; advances in deep learning; and optimization methods.