This book focuses on how to improve the quality management of official statistics in China. Official statistics help to build an overview of China’s social and economic development and play an important role in policymaking for government as well as in decision-making for enterprises. Because of the great value in reference, the quality of official statistics also constitutes the concern from the public. This book summarizes three levels for understanding the concept of the quality of official statistics and analyzes possible affections from social and economic environment, political and management perspectives. Government statistical data is an important information reflecting China’s economic and social development, an important tool for Party committees at all levels, governments, enterprises and the public to understand and grasp China’s economic operation and social development, an important basis for Party committees and governments at all levels to conduct economic and social management and decision-making and an important reference for enterprises and the public to make decisions on production, operation, investment and consumption. Therefore, the government, enterprises and the public at all levels are demanding more and more government statistics. Accordingly, the quality of government statistical data is becoming more and more important, because it concerns the objectivity and accuracy of government statistical data, the scientificity of economic and social management, the decision-making of Party committees, the correctness of production, operation, investment and consumption decisions of enterprises and the public. Therefore, the quality of government statistical data is extremely important, which is not only the focus of social concern, but also the core issue of government statistics.