Review Of The Method Of Valuation Of The Sdr Initial Considerations
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| Author | : International Monetary |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 62 |
| Release | : 2022-05-16 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
This paper provides the basis for the quinquennial review by the Executive Board of the method of valuation of the Special Drawing Right (SDR). The review covers the composition and weighting of the SDR currency basket, and the financial instruments used to determine the SDR interest rate. In the five-year period for this review (2017‒21), developments in key variables relevant for the SDR valuation suggest that there have been no major changes in the roles of currencies in the world economy. The countries and the currency union (euro area) whose currencies are currently included in the SDR basket remain the five largest exporters and their currencies continue to account for the majority of international financial transactions. Moreover, staff analysis finds that the COVID-19 pandemic and recent fintech developments have no systematic or material impact on the SDR valuation. The paper proposes to maintain the current composition of the SDR currency and interest rate baskets, as well as the method for determining the currency weights and currency amounts in the basket. In line with the Board-approved methodology, the paper proposes updated weights for the currencies in the SDR basket. These maintain the same ranking of the initial weights set in the 2015 review, with slightly higher weights for the U.S. dollar and the Chinese renminbi and, accordingly, somewhat lower weights for the British pound, the euro, and the Japanese yen. The paper also proposes to make explicit the treatment of data gaps in the SDR valuation framework. Findings from a survey of SDR department participants and prescribed holders are used to follow up on operational issues raised in earlier valuation reviews. The new SDR valuation and interest rate baskets are proposed to come into effect on August 1, 2022 for a period of five years.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 65 |
| Release | : 2015-07-16 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498344313 |
This paper lays out initial considerations for the quinquennial review of the method of valuation of the Special Drawing Right (SDR) currency basket. As in previous reviews, a key objective is to enhance the attractiveness of the SDR as an international reserve asset. In that context, the review will assess the currencies for SDR basket inclusion, currency weights, and the SDR interest rate basket. The paper takes as a starting point the conclusions of the last review in 2010 and the subsequent Board discussion of currency selection criteria in 2011. At the time of the last review, China met the gateway export criterion but the renminbi (RMB) was not included in the SDR basket as it was not judged to be freely usable, the second currency selection criterion. In light of the Board’s broad support in 2011 for the existing legal framework, and since China continues to meet the export criterion, this paper discusses building blocks relevant for a future determination on whether to include the RMB in the basket under the existing criteria.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 7 |
| Release | : 2021-03-15 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513574035 |
On March 5, 2021, the IMF’s Executive Board approved an extension of the current Special Drawing Right (SDR) valuation basket by ten months from September 30, 2021 to July 31, 2022. The IMF normally reviews the composition and valuation of the SDR basket every five years. The extension effectively resets the five-yearly cycle of SDR valuation reviews, with the next review to be completed by mid-2022 and the new basket becoming effective on August 1, 2022. The ten-month extension contributes to the Fund’s ongoing efforts to prioritize work during the COVID-19 crisis and allows for a more suitable effectiveness date of the new basket, which does not coincide with some major markets being closed. The approved extension, as well as effectiveness date of a new basket, is intended to facilitate the continued smooth functioning of SDR-related operations.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 25 |
| Release | : 2016-07-15 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498345441 |
Following the recent diagnostic of the international monetary system (IMS), the IMF will explore whether a broader role for the SDR could contribute to its smooth functioning. The economic rationale for or against broader use of the SDR will be examined, focusing in particular on identifying any gaps and market failures the SDR could help address in light of the increasingly multi-polar nature of the global economy and growing financial interconnectedness. This note sets out some initial considerations on this matter. The note sketches some key issues bearing on the role of the SDR in each of three concepts: (i) the official SDR, or “O-SDR”, the composite reserve asset issued and administered by the IMF; (ii) SDR-denominated financial market instruments, or “M-SDRs,” which could be both issued and held by any parties; and (iii) the SDR as a unit of account. M-SDRs reduce foreign exchange and interest rate risk relative to single-currency instruments, but there are some drawbacks and challenges. The basket nature of M-SDRs would allow the volatility of returns to be lower than for a similar singlecurrency instrument. However, the SDR only represents one of many possible sets of portfolio weights, and issuers or investors could use existing instruments to replicate their preferred weights at a relatively low cost. There are also challenges to market development, including settling and clearing of M-SDR transactions, dealing with potential basket redefinition, and fostering secondary market trading in order to generate liquidity and market depth. There are potential benefits to using the SDR as a unit of account, which have to be weighed against other considerations. Publishing economic statistics and financial statements in SDR terms could help users identify valuation changes. Statistical authorities would need to invest in communicating the rationale for any change in practices. While the official SDR under its current framework is not playing a significant role in the IMS, a re-examination of its role is expected to inform whether any specific reform options should be pursued. The evolution of the IMS has given rise to an active debate on how much concern is posed by high rates of reserve accumulation, global imbalances, and rising claims on reserve issuers, and on whether the O-SDR could contribute to addressing these issues.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 5 |
| Release | : 2015-04-08 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498344305 |
This paper proposes an extension of the current SDR valuation basket for a period of nine months to September 30, 2016. This extension would respond to feedback from SDR users on the desirability of avoiding changes in the basket at the end of the calendar year and facilitate the continued smooth functioning of SDR-related operations. As discussed at the informal Board meeting on July 29, this proposal does not in any way prejudge the outcome of the Review of the Method of Valuation of the SDR.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 192 |
| Release | : 2016-11-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1475551851 |
IMF Financial Operations 2016 provides a broad introduction to how the IMF fulfills its mission through its financial activities. It covers the financial structure and operations of the IMF and also provides background detail of the financial statements for the IMF's activities during the most recent financial year. This publication (currently in its third edition) updates a previous report entitled Financial Organization and Operations of the IMF, first published in 1986 and last issued in 2001 (the sixth edition). That 2001 report reflected the seismic shifts in the global economy and in the IMF's structure and operations that occurred after the fall of the Soviet Union and the various currency and financial crises of the 1990s. This revised and updated report covers more recent developments, including reform of the IMF’s income model, measures taken in response to the global financial crisis of 2007–09, and the institutional reforms aimed at ensuring that the IMF's governance structure evolves in line with developments in the global economy.
| Author | : W. Raphael Lam |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 392 |
| Release | : 2017-01-14 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513539949 |
China is at a critical juncture in its economic transformation as it tries to rebalance what is generally seen as an exhausted growth model. A unifying theme across the reforms that will deliver this transformation is that it can no longer be achieved by raising the amount of physical investment and government direction of resource allocation. Instead China is building a new set of policy frameworks that will allow markets to function more effectively—not unfettered markets, but markets that work efficiently, in line with broad social and other policy goals, and in a sustainable way. Hence, China is now building a new soft infrastructure, that is, the institutional plumbing that underpins and guides the functioning of markets as the key organizing principle toward achieving sustained economic and social progress. Against this background, this volume provides policymakers, academics, and the public with valuable information about policies and institutions in China today. It also looks at the road ahead and key principles that can help China in navigating it. The book focuses on issues crucial in the country’s transformation, such as tax policy and administration, social security, state-owned enterprise reform, medium-term expenditure frameworks, the role of local government finances, capital account liberalization, and renminbi internationalization. As China moves toward a more price-based allocation of resources, strengthening monetary policy frameworks and financial sector regulation will be particularly important in channeling resources to the most productive sectors and minimizing the risks of financial sector stress. Also, upgrading statistical frameworks will be critical for macroeconomic policymaking and investors. Visit : http://www.elibrary.imf.org/page/modernizing-china
| Author | : Sir Patrick Bijou |
| Publisher | : Sir Patrick Bijou |
| Total Pages | : 385 |
| Release | : 2024-08-12 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
This bооk would help you understand hоw Special Drawing Right And The Federal Reserve Works. It аlѕо dіѕсuѕѕеѕ thе vаrіоuѕ рrосеѕѕ аnd the SDR's orіgіn аnd characteristics and ѕhоwѕ you how уоu саn put that knоwlеdgе to good use. SDRs were devised in response to concerns about the limitations of gold and dollars as the sole means of settling international accounts. The SDRs contribute to growth in global liquidity by enhancing the standard reserve currencies. Onсе you hаvе a clear undеrѕtаndіng of whаt Special Drawing Rights mean then you will understand its impact on the economy. SDRs were еѕtаblіѕhеd wіth the gоаl of ѕubjесtіng іntеrnаtіоnаl liquidity control for the fіrѕt tіmе to іntеrnаtіоnаl dialogue and determination. Thе Sресіаl Drаwіng Right (SDR) іѕ nоt a currency, nоr іѕ іt a claim оn the IMF. I аrguе thаt іnѕtіtutіоnѕ саn еnhаnсе a сurrеnсу’ѕ rеѕеrvе status bу creating lіԛuіd mаrkеtѕ аnd bу intervening ԛuісklу in fіnаnсіаl crises. This bооk dеѕсrіbеѕ еxtеnѕіvеlу hоw best Special Drawing Right Wоrkѕ аnd аѕ уоu rеаd you'll discover: 1. The SDR's Orіgіnѕ Аnd Characteristics 2. Thе SDR Department's Oреrаtіоnѕ 3. Origins And Guiding Principles For SDRValuation 4. The Еvоlutіоn Оf Ѕресіаl Drawing Rіghtѕ (SDRs) 5. Thе Аrgumеnt Fоr A Dеvеlорmеnt SDR 6. Four Approaches To Reserve Currency Status 7. Undеrѕtаndіng Thе 1913 Federal Reserve Act 8. Hоw Thе Fеdеrаl Reserve Wаѕ Fоrmеd 9. How The Fed Іnjесtѕ Mоnеу Іntо Thе Economy And More.
| Author | : Eswar Prasad |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 345 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0190631058 |
China's currency, the renminbi, has taken the world by storm. This book documents the renminbi's impressive rise to global prominence in a short period but also shows how much further it has to go before becoming a major international currency. The hype about its inevitable ascendance to global dominance is overblown.
| Author | : Mr.Camilo E Tovar Mora |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 83 |
| Release | : 2018-01-25 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484339339 |
What is the extent of currency diversification in the international monetary system? How has it evolved over time? In this paper, we quantify the degree of currency diversification using regression methods of currency co-movements to determine the extent to which national currencies across the world belong to a reserve currency bloc. We then use these estimates to calculate the economic size of each currency bloc. A key contribution of our paper is that we quantify the size of the Chinese renminbi bloc. Our analysis suggests that the international monetary system has transitioned from a bi-polar system - consisting of the U.S. dollar and the euro - to a tri-polar one that includes the renminbi. The dollar bloc is estimated to continue to dominate, having the largest share in global GDP (40 percent), followed by the renminbi (30 percent) and the euro blocs (20 percent). The geographical area of influence for the RMB bloc appears to be most evident among the BRICS’ currencies. The British pound and the Japanese yen blocs appear to play minor roles.
