Representations Of Commonsense Knowledge
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| Author | : Ernest Davis |
| Publisher | : Morgan Kaufmann |
| Total Pages | : 540 |
| Release | : 2014-07-10 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 148322113X |
Representations of Commonsense Knowledge provides a rich language for expressing commonsense knowledge and inference techniques for carrying out commonsense knowledge. This book provides a survey of the research on commonsense knowledge. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the basic ideas on artificial intelligence commonsense reasoning. This text then examines the structure of logic, which is roughly analogous to that of a programming language. Other chapters describe how rules of universal validity can be applied to facts known with absolute certainty to deduce other facts known with absolute certainty. This book discusses as well some prominent issues in plausible inference. The final chapter deals with commonsense knowledge about the interrelations and interactions among agents and discusses some issues in human and social interactions that have been studied in the artificial intelligence literature. This book is a valuable resource for students on a graduate course on knowledge representation.
| Author | : Ronald Brachman |
| Publisher | : Morgan Kaufmann |
| Total Pages | : 414 |
| Release | : 2004-05-19 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1558609326 |
Knowledge representation is at the very core of a radical idea for understanding intelligence. This book talks about the central concepts of knowledge representation developed over the years. It is suitable for researchers and practitioners in database management, information retrieval, object-oriented systems and artificial intelligence.
| Author | : Erik T. Mueller |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 431 |
| Release | : 2010-07-26 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0080476619 |
To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning is a detailed, high-level reference on logic-based commonsense reasoning. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which Erik T. Mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. He provides an up-to-date work promoting the use of the event calculus for commonsense reasoning, and bringing into one place information scattered across many books and papers. Mueller shares the knowledge gained in using the event calculus and extends the literature with detailed event calculus solutions to problems that span many areas of the commonsense world. - Covers key areas of commonsense reasoning including action, change, defaults, space, and mental states. - The first full book on commonsense reasoning to use the event calculus. - Contextualizes the event calculus within the framework of commonsense reasoning, introducing the event calculus as the best method overall. - Focuses on how to use the event calculus formalism to perform commonsense reasoning, while existing papers and books examine the formalisms themselves. - Includes fully worked out proofs and circumscriptions for every example.
| Author | : Frank van Harmelen |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 1035 |
| Release | : 2008-01-08 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0080557023 |
Handbook of Knowledge Representation describes the essential foundations of Knowledge Representation, which lies at the core of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The book provides an up-to-date review of twenty-five key topics in knowledge representation, written by the leaders of each field. It includes a tutorial background and cutting-edge developments, as well as applications of Knowledge Representation in a variety of AI systems. This handbook is organized into three parts. Part I deals with general methods in Knowledge Representation and reasoning and covers such topics as classical logic in Knowledge Representation; satisfiability solvers; description logics; constraint programming; conceptual graphs; nonmonotonic reasoning; model-based problem solving; and Bayesian networks. Part II focuses on classes of knowledge and specialized representations, with chapters on temporal representation and reasoning; spatial and physical reasoning; reasoning about knowledge and belief; temporal action logics; and nonmonotonic causal logic. Part III discusses Knowledge Representation in applications such as question answering; the semantic web; automated planning; cognitive robotics; multi-agent systems; and knowledge engineering. This book is an essential resource for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in knowledge representation and AI. * Make your computer smarter* Handle qualitative and uncertain information* Improve computational tractability to solve your problems easily
| Author | : Ronald Fagin |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 576 |
| Release | : 2004-01-09 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780262562003 |
Reasoning about knowledge—particularly the knowledge of agents who reason about the world and each other's knowledge—was once the exclusive province of philosophers and puzzle solvers. More recently, this type of reasoning has been shown to play a key role in a surprising number of contexts, from understanding conversations to the analysis of distributed computer algorithms. Reasoning About Knowledge is the first book to provide a general discussion of approaches to reasoning about knowledge and its applications to distributed systems, artificial intelligence, and game theory. It brings eight years of work by the authors into a cohesive framework for understanding and analyzing reasoning about knowledge that is intuitive, mathematically well founded, useful in practice, and widely applicable. The book is almost completely self-contained and should be accessible to readers in a variety of disciplines, including computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science, and game theory. Each chapter includes exercises and bibliographic notes.
| Author | : Ivana Marková |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 259 |
| Release | : 2016-09 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 1107002559 |
Marková offers a dialogical perspective to problems in daily life and professional practices involving communication, care, and therapy.
| Author | : Douglas B. Lenat |
| Publisher | : Addison Wesley Publishing Company |
| Total Pages | : 408 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : |
Chapter one presents the Cyc "philosophy" or paradigm. Chapter 2 presents a global overview of Cyc, including its representation language, the ontology f its knowledge base, and teh environment which it functions. Chapter 3 goes into much more detail on the representation language, including the structure and function of Cyc's metalevel agenda mechanism. Chapter 4 presents heuristics for ontological engineering, the pricnples upon whcihc Cyc's ontology is based. Chapter 5 the provides a glimpse into the global ontology of knowledge. Chapter 6 explains how we "solve" (i.e., adequately handle) the various tough representation thorns (substances, time, space, structures, composite mental/physical objects, beliefs, uncertainty, etc. ). Chapter 7 surveys the mistakes that new knowledge tnereres most often commit. Chapter 8, the concluding chapter, includes a brief status report on the project, and a statement of goals and a timetable for the coming five years.
| Author | : Jerry R. Hobbs |
| Publisher | : Intellect Books |
| Total Pages | : 490 |
| Release | : 1985 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : |
This volume is a collection of original contributions about the core knowledge in fundamental domains. It includes work on naive physics, such as formal specifications of intuitive theories of spatial relations, time causality, substance and physical objects, and on naive psychology.
| Author | : Celine-Marie Pascale |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 166 |
| Release | : 2013-02-01 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1135776350 |
Using arresting case studies of how ordinary people understand the concepts of race, class, and gender, Celine-Marie Pascale shows that the peculiarity of commonsense is that it imposes obviousness—that which we cannot fail to recognize. As a result, how we negotiate the challenges of inequality in the twenty-first century may depend less on what people consciously think about "difference" and more on what we inadvertently assume. Through an analysis of commonsense knowledge, Pascale expertly provides new insights into familiar topics. In addition, by analyzing local practices in the context of established cultural discourses, Pascale shows how the weight of history bears on the present moment, both enabling and constraining possibilities. Pascale tests the boundaries of sociological knowledge and offers new avenues for conceptualizing social change. In 2008, Making Sense of Race, Class and Gender was the recipient of the Distinguished Contribution to Scholarship Book Award, of the American Sociological Association Section on Race, Gender, and Class, for "distinguished and significant contribution to the development of the integrative field of race, gender, and class."
| Author | : Renée Elio |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 289 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0195147669 |
While common sense and rationality have often been viewed as two distinct features in a unified cognitive map, this volume engages with this notion and comes up with novel and often paradoxical views of this relationship.
