The present study analyses various facets of Population ecology of the people of Sikkim State and Bharmour Tehsil, Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh to Project some fresh insight into certain areas not yet fully explored, which will eventually lead to a more comprehensive overview of population ecology and its various problems. No study can be completely exhaustive but the present one claims to be a step in that direction.In ecosystems of which human beings, including human settlements, form a part, human cultural components are taken into account. Although culture is a product of human populations and is ineffectual as an ecological force in the absence of such populations, it is neverthless useful to depict culture as a separate set of components of the system. Though it is generally understood that human well-being in a human settlement is essential, it does not have a commonly accept critierion. It may be vague or ambigous and hence elude definition. Well being has physical, mental, ethical, socio-economic, political and ecological dimensions. What constitutes health or welfare or pathology changes according to cultural setting, environmental conditions and ecological relationship.