Reflections On The Gifts Of Athena
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The Invention of Improvement
Author | : Paul Slack |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 334 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0199645914 |
The idea of improvement - gradual and cumulative betterment - was something new in 17th century England. It became commonplace to assert that improvements in agriculture, industry, commerce, and social welfare would bring infinite prosperity and happiness. The word improvement was itself new, and since it had no equivalent in other languages, it gave the English a distinctive culture of improvement which they took with them to Ireland, Scotland, and America. Slack explains the political, intellectual, and economic circumstances which allowed notions of improvement to take root.
John Baskerville
Author | : Caroline Archer-Parré |
Publisher | : Liverpool University Press |
Total Pages | : 288 |
Release | : 2017-10-05 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1786948605 |
The eighteenth-century typographer, printer, industrialist and Enlightenment figure, John Baskerville (1707-75) was an inventor, entrepreneur and artist with a worldwide reputation who made eighteenth-century Birmingham a city without typographic equal, by changing the course of type design. This publication explores Baskerville in his social and economic context and evaluates his impact.
Taming Capitalism Before Its Triumph
Author | : Koji Yamamoto |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 355 |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0198739176 |
Early modern England had a distinctive preoccupation with the social responsibilities of private businesses. Koji Yamamoto explores for the first time how promises of public service in the economic sphere came to be abused, and how statesmen, playwrights, petitioners, and merchants responded to such perversions of promised public service.
Progressive Enlightenment
Author | : Leslie Tomory |
Publisher | : MIT Press |
Total Pages | : 361 |
Release | : 2012-03-02 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0262300451 |
An argument that the gas industry was the first integrated large-scale technological network and that it signaled a new wave of industrial innovation. In Progressive Enlightenment, Leslie Tomory examines the origins of the gaslight industry, from invention to consolidation as a large integrated urban network. Tomory argues that gas was the first integrated large-scale technological network, a designation usually given to the railways. He shows how the first gas network was constructed and stabilized through the introduction of new management structures, the use of technical controls, and the application of means to constrain the behavior of the users of gas lighting. Tomory begins by describing the contributions of pneumatic chemistry and industrial distillation to the development of gas lighting, then explores the bifurcation between the Continental and British traditions in distillation technology. He examines the establishment and consolidation of the new industry by the Birmingham firm Boulton & Watt, and describes the deployment of the network strategy by the entrepreneur Frederick Winsor. Tomory argues that the gas industry represented a new wave of technological innovation in industry because of its dependence on formal scientific research, its need for large amounts of capital, and its reliance on business organization beyond small firms and partnerships—all of which signaled a departure from the artisanal nature and limited deployment of inventions earlier in the Industrial Revolution. Gas lighting was the first important realization of the Enlightenment dream of science in the service of industry.
Commercial Visions
Author | : Dániel Margócsy |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 364 |
Release | : 2014-10-09 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 022611788X |
Entrepreneurial science is not new; business interests have strongly influenced science since the Scientific Revolution. In Commercial Visions, Dániel Margócsy illustrates that product marketing, patent litigation, and even ghostwriting pervaded natural history and medicine—the “big sciences” of the early modern era—and argues that the growth of global trade during the Dutch Golden Age gave rise to an entrepreneurial network of transnational science. Margócsy introduces a number of natural historians, physicians, and curiosi in Amsterdam, London, St. Petersburg, and Paris who, in their efforts to boost their trade, developed modern taxonomy, invented color printing and anatomical preparation techniques, and contributed to philosophical debates on topics ranging from human anatomy to Newtonian optics. These scientific practitioners, including Frederik Ruysch and Albertus Seba, were out to do business: they produced and sold exotic curiosities, anatomical prints, preserved specimens, and atlases of natural history to customers all around the world. Margócsy reveals how their entrepreneurial rivalries transformed the scholarly world of the Republic of Letters into a competitive marketplace. Margócsy’s highly readable and engaging book will be warmly welcomed by anyone interested in early modern science, global trade, art, and culture.
Reckoning with Matter
Author | : Matthew L. Jones |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 340 |
Release | : 2016-11-29 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 022641146X |
"Reckoning with Matter" tells the story of early modern European calculating machines, from the early attempts of Blaise Pascal in the 1640s through Charles Babbage s efforts of the 1820s to 40s. All failed spectacularly. By exploring these failed technologies, Matthew L. Jones tracks diverse forms of technical life different social arrangements of practitioners, different legal conceptions of the ownership of work and ideas, and different philosophical conceptions of knowledge and skill. Philosophers, engineers, and craftspeople wrote about their distinctive competencies, about technical novelty, and about the best way to coordinate their efforts, and drawing on these remarkably well-preserved records, Jones reveals the concrete processes of imagining, elaborating, testing, and building key components for calculating machines. By highlighting the makers and their conceptions of invention right up to the instauration of modern patent regimes and the solidification of the concept of Romantic genius, Jones argues that these conceptions of creativity and of making are often more incisive and more honest than those still dominating our own legal, political, and aesthetic culture. Ultimately, "Reckoning with Matter "uses the fascinating history of calculating machines to explore major contingencies of European early modernity, from its economic history to its vision of creative activity itself."
The Useful Knowledge of William Hutton
Author | : Susan E. Whyman |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 238 |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0198797834 |
Susan Whyman's latest book tells the story of William Hutton, a self-taught workman who rose to prominence during the Industrial Revolution in the rapidly-expanding city of Birmingham. This book brings to life a cast of 'rough diamonds', people of worth and character, but lacking in manners and education, who improved their towns and themselves.