Provisioning Behavior Of Male And Female Grasshopper Sparrows
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Author | : Jennifer Adler |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 84 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : Birds |
ISBN | : |
Among socially monogamous species of birds, biparental care of young is common. However, the relative contributions of males and females in caring for young vary among species, with the contributions of males being most variable. During the nestling period, factors potentially influencing the contributions of males include certainty of paternity and nest predation rates. The provisioning rates of both males and females can be influenced by brood size and nestling age. Additional study is needed to better understand the relative importance of these various factors on the provisioning strategies of songbirds. Thus, the objective of my study was to examine the provisioning behavior of male and female Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), a socially and genetically monogamous songbird that nests in grassland habitats with high rates of nest predation. My study was conducted from 1 May-8 August 2002 and 30 April-29 August 2003 in Madison County, Kentucky. I located and videotaped the nests of 15 pairs of Grasshopper Sparrows, including one nest each for 11 pairs and two nests for four pairs. Tapes were subsequently reviewed and, for each nest visit, I noted the identity of the visiting adult and, when possible, identified prey items. Anaylsis revealed no difference in the provisioning rates of male and female Grasshopper Sparrows (P = 0.13), with mean provisioning rates of 2.16 ± 0.16 (SE) visits per hour for females and 1.86 ± 0.14 visits per hour for males. The provisioning rates of adult Grasshopper Sparrows did vary with nestling age (P = 0.01), with rates lower for 1-4 day old nestlings, increasing through day 6 post-hatching, then declining for 7-10 day old nestlings. Provisioning rates of Grasshopper Sparrows also varied with number of nestlings (P = 0.026), with rates higher for broods of five than for broods of three or four. For prey that I could identify (N = 960), most were grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae; N = 654, or 68.1%), followed by insect larvae (N = 217, or 22.6%), and crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae; N = 54, or 5.6% ). Because of their high chitin content, grasshoppers potentially provide nestlings with less energy per unit mass than other prey items. However, adult Grasshopper Sparrows minimize chitin content by removing the parts, such as legs, that contain the most chitin, and by feeding their nestlings medium-sized grasshoppers that have less chitin per unit than smaller grasshoppers. In contrast to many other species of songbirds where females provision nestlings at higher rates than males, I found that male and female Grasshopper Sparrows provisioned nestlings at similar rates. Factors potentially contributing to the relatively high provisioning rates of male Grasshopper Sparrows include confidence in their paternity and high rates of nest predation, with male provisioning likely important for insuring rapid growth of nestlings, earlier fledging, and a reduced risk of nest predation. Provisioning by males is also beneficial for pairs with larger broods, with male contributions helping to insure that nestlings are fed at comparable rates regardless of brood size. Such compensation may enhance their reproductive success because mass at fledging is an important predictor of survival for young birds. Male and female Grasshopper Sparrows in my study reduced provisioning rates and amount of biomass delivered to nestlings during the days just before fledging, with this reduction possibly inducing young to fledge. Such behavior may be a response to high rates of nest predation.
Author | : Christine Ann Ribic |
Publisher | : Univ of California Press |
Total Pages | : 276 |
Release | : 2012-05-13 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0520273133 |
“Until recently, inferring identities of predators and monitoring cryptic behaviors at the nest was time-consuming, often with anecdotal results. No more. Video nest surveillance, so aptly revealed in this volume, has ushered in a new era of data collection that allows field workers to link environmental factors with such aspects as the temporal dynamics of predator communities in relation to what the birds are doing at their nests, thus removing much of the guesswork of earlier studies.”--Spencer G. Sealy, University of Manitoba "Video Surveillance of Nesting Birds shatters earlier beliefs about how birds interact with nest predators. Much of what we thought we knew about nesting and its hazards was flat-out wrong, as authors in this book discovered by using modern technology in the field. As simple as we would like our models of animal behavior to be, this book shows that reality is far more complex and nuanced."--Douglas H. Johnson, University of Minnesota
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 208 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Animal behavior |
ISBN | : |
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 740 |
Release | : 1990-07 |
Genre | : Ecology |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Judith Goodenough |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 568 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
This work contains both contemporary research findings and historical experimental evidence. It includes the topic animal awareness, and there is requisite background material on genetics and other basic molecular topics.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 510 |
Release | : 1988 |
Genre | : Bird watching |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Charles F. Thompson |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 201 |
Release | : 2010-09-09 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1441964215 |
Current Ornithology publishes authoritative, up-to-date, scholarly reviews of topics selected from the full range of current research in avian biology. Topics cover the spectrum from the molecular level of organization to population biology and community ecology. The series seeks especially to review (1) fields in which an abundant recent literature will benefit from synthesis and organization, or (2) newly emerging fields that are gaining recognition as the result of recent discoveries or shifts in perspective, or (3) fields in which students of vertebrates may benefit from comparisons of birds with other classes. All chapters are invited, and authors are chosen for their leadership in the subjects under review.
Author | : Mike Hansell |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 302 |
Release | : 2000-08-31 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781139429085 |
Bird Nests and Construction Behaviour provides a broad view of our understanding of the biology of the nests, bowers and tools made by birds. It illustrates how, among vertebrates, the building abilities of birds are more impressive and consistent than for any other builders other than ourselves, yet birds seem to require no special equipment, and use quite uncomplicated behaviour. In doing so, the book raises general issues in the field of behavioural ecology including the costs of reproduction, sexual selection and the organisation and complexity of behaviour. Written for students and researchers of animal behaviour, behavioural ecology and ornithology, it will nevertheless make fascinating reading for architects and engineers interested in understanding how structures are created by animals.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 778 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Ecology |
ISBN | : |
Coverage: 1982- current; updated: monthly. This database covers current ecology research across a wide range of disciplines, reflecting recent advances in light of growing evidence regarding global environmental change and destruction. Major ares of subject coverage include: Algae/lichens, Animals, Annelids, Aquatic ecosystems, Arachnids, Arid zones, Birds, Brackish water, Bryophytes/pteridophytes, Coastal ecosystems, Conifers, Conservation, Control, Crustaceans, Ecosyst em studies, Fungi, Grasses, Grasslands, High altitude environments, Human ecology, Insects, Legumes, Mammals, Management, Microorganisms, Molluscs, Nematodes, Paleo-ecology, Plants, Pollution studies, Reptiles, River basins, Soil, TAiga/tundra, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrates, Wetlands, Woodlands.
Author | : John A. Byers |
Publisher | : Simon and Schuster |
Total Pages | : 192 |
Release | : 2013-08-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1780742614 |
Investigating a whole host of species from around the globe, the first short and affordable introduction to animal behavior Investigating a whole host of species from around the globe, the first short and affordable introduction to this growing field of study “Byers ultimately makes the reader yearn to join him and watch animals for a living… an excellent example of popular-science writing.” Booklist