"A great deal of information has been published in the last decade concerning ice forces. Unfortunately, very little has been published in journals that are regularly read by civil engineers and, in particular, bridge engineers. As a result, many bridge engineers who are concerned with the action of ice on bridge structures are unaware of its existence. Most of the material contained herein has been extracted from papers or proceedings of specialty conferences or reports of research agencies. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the problem and to bring together in one publication a state-of-the-art review of factors and phenomena which are significant to the ice force problems as they relate to the design of bridge piers"--Page 3-4