Polypropylene Homopolymer Via Bulk Process Cost Analysis Pp E11a
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| Author | : Intratec |
| Publisher | : Intratec |
| Total Pages | : 102 |
| Release | : 2017-06-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1641480319 |
This report presents a cost analysis of Polypropylene (PP) homopolymer production from polymer grade (PG) propylene using a bulk phase process The process examined is similar to the processes LyondellBasell Spheripol and Mitsui Hypol II. This process is based on the polymerization of liquid PG propylene, in loop reactors, to produce PP homopolymer. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Polyolefins", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: PG Propylene, Propene, Tubular Reactor, Liquid-Phase Polymerization
| Author | : Intratec |
| Publisher | : Intratec Solutions |
| Total Pages | : 54 |
| Release | : 2016-03-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1945324023 |
This report presents a cost analysis of Polypropylene (PP) homopolymer production from polymer grade (PG) propylene using a bulk phase polymerization process. The process examined is similar to the processes LyondellBasell Spheripol and Mitsui Hypol II. This process is based on the polymerization of liquid PG propylene, in loop reactors, to produce PP homopolymer. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Polyolefins", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: PG Propylene, Propene, Tubular Reactor, Liquid-Phase Polymerization
| Author | : I. M. Ward |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 504 |
| Release | : 1983-06-27 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
A concise, self-contained introduction to solid polymers, the mechanics of their behavior and molecular and structural interpretations. This updated edition provides extended coverage of recent developments in rubber elasticity, relaxation transitions, non-linear viscoelastic behavior, anisotropic mechanical behavior, yield behavior of polymers, breaking phenomena, and other fields.
| Author | : Wei-Fang Su |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 314 |
| Release | : 2013-10-09 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3642387306 |
How can a scientist or engineer synthesize and utilize polymers to solve our daily problems? This introductory text, aimed at the advanced undergraduate or graduate student, provides future scientists and engineers with the fundamental knowledge of polymer design and synthesis to achieve specific properties required in everyday applications. In the first five chapters, this book discusses the properties and characterization of polymers, since designing a polymer initially requires us to understand the effects of chemical structure on physical and chemical characteristics. Six further chapters discuss the principles of polymerization reactions including step, radical chain, ionic chain, chain copolymerization, coordination and ring opening. Finally, material is also included on how commonly known polymers are synthesized in a laboratory and a factory. This book is suitable for a one semester course in polymer chemistry and does not demand prior knowledge of polymer science.
| Author | : I. M. Ward |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 394 |
| Release | : 2005-08-19 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0470020377 |
Provides a comprehensive introduction to the mechanical behaviour of solid polymers. Extensively revised and updated throughout, the second edition now includes new material on mechanical relaxations and anisotropy, composites modelling, non-linear viscoelasticity, yield behaviour and fracture of tough polymers. The accessible approach of the book has been retained with each chapter designed to be self contained and the theory and applications of the subject carefully introduced where appropriate. The latest developments in the field are included alongside worked examples, mathematical appendices and an extensive reference. Fully revised and updated throughout to include all the latest developments in the field Worked examples at the end of the chapter An invaluable resource for students of materials science, chemistry, physics or engineering studying polymer science
| Author | : William Murphy |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 676 |
| Release | : 2016-06-11 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1493933051 |
This book provides tabular and text data relating to normal and diseased tissue materials and materials used in medical devices. Comprehensive and practical for students, researchers, engineers, and practicing physicians who use implants, this book considers the materials aspects of both implantable materials and natural tissues and fluids. Examples of materials and topics covered include titanium, elastomers, degradable biomaterials, composites, scaffold materials for tissue engineering, dental implants, sterilization effects on material properties, metallic alloys, and much more. Each chapter author considers the intrinsic and interactive properties of biomaterials, as well as their appropriate applications and historical contexts. Now in an updated second edition, this book also contains two new chapters on the cornea and on vocal folds, as well as updated insights, data, and citations for several chapters.
| Author | : Mohammad Jawaid |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 351 |
| Release | : 2017-02-11 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3319493825 |
This book introduces the concept, design and application of green biocomposites, with a specific focus on the current demand for green biocomposites for automotive and aerospace components. It discusses the mathematical background, innovative approaches to physical modelling, analysis and design techniques. Including numerous illustrations, tables, case studies and exercises, the text summarises current research in the field. It is a valuable reference resource for researchers, students and scientists working in the field of materials science.
| Author | : Khalid Mahmood Zia |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 740 |
| Release | : 2017-06-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128123613 |
Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites: Chemistry, Biotechnology and Material Sciences offers considerable detail on the origin of algae, extraction of useful metabolites and major compounds from algal bio-mass, and the production and future prospects of sustainable polymers derived from algae, blends of algae, and algae based composites. Characterization methods and processing techniques for algae-based polymers and composites are discussed in detail, enabling researchers to apply the latest techniques to their own work. The conversion of bio-mass into high value chemicals, energy, and materials has ample financial and ecological importance, particularly in the era of declining petroleum reserves and global warming. Algae are an important source of biomass since they flourish rapidly and can be cultivated almost everywhere. At present the majority of naturally produced algal biomass is an unused resource and normally is left to decompose. Similarly, the use of this enormous underexploited biomass is mainly limited to food consumption and as bio-fertilizer. However, there is an opportunity here for materials scientists to explore its potential as a feedstock for the production of sustainable materials. - Provides detailed information on the extraction of useful compounds from algal biomass - Highlights the development of a range of polymers, blends, and composites - Includes coverage of characterization and processing techniques, enabling research scientists and engineers to apply the information to their own research and development - Discusses potential applications and future prospects of algae-based biopolymers, giving the latest insight into the future of these sustainable materials
| Author | : Gottfried W. Ehrenstein |
| Publisher | : Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG |
| Total Pages | : 402 |
| Release | : 2012-11-12 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3446434143 |
Thermal analysis has proven to be one of the most important and meaningful test methods in the plastics industry and in testing laboratories. Although thermal analysis is used for fundamental studies related to materials science of polymers, its power lies in understanding this behavior during manufacturing processes. This understanding aids in process optimization, reduction of manufacturing cycle times, failure analysis as well as overall improvement of the material properties of the finished product, to name a few. In this book, the different test methods and their variations are described in detail, emphasizing the principles and their application in practice. Using practical examples, different approaches to problem solving are presented with a focus on the interpretation of the experimental results. Thermal analysis provides information on important properties of plastic materials, such as nucleation, crystallization, degree of crystallinity, recrystallization, melting and solidification, glass transition, curing and postcuring, thermal stability, thermal expansion, relaxation of orientation and internal stresses, pvT-data, and others. This book is a must for everybody involved in material and product development, testing, processing, quality assurance, or failure analysis in industry and laboratories. Contents: - Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) - Oxidative Induction Time/Temperature (OIT) - Thermogravimetry (TG) - Thermo-Mechanical Analysis (TMA) - pvT-Measurements - Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis (DMA) - Micro-Thermal Analysis - Brief Characterization of Key Polymers
| Author | : Soo-Jin Park |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 337 |
| Release | : 2014-10-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9401794782 |
This book contains eight chapters that discuss the manufacturing methods, surface treatment, composite interfaces, microstructure-property relationships with underlying fundamental physical and mechanical principles, and applications of carbon fibers and their composites. Recently, carbon-based materials have received much attention for their many potential applications. The carbon fibers are very strong, stiff, and lightweight, enabling the carbon materials to deliver improved performance in several applications such as aerospace, sports, automotive, wind energy, oil and gas, infrastructure, defense, and semiconductors. However, the use of carbon fibers in cost-sensitive, high-volume industrial applications is limited because of their relatively high costs. However, its production is expected to increase because of its widespread use in high-volume industrial applications; therefore, the methods used for manufacturing carbon fibers and carbon-fiber-reinforced composites and their structures and characteristics need to be investigated.
