Pollution And The Firm
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| Author | : Gunnar S. Eskeland |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 52 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Air |
| ISBN | : |
This paper presents evidence on whether multinationals are flocking to developing country 'pollution havens'. Although we find some evidence that foreign investors locate in sectors with high levels of air pollution, the evidence is weak at best. We then examine whether foreign firms pollute less than their peers. We find that foreign plants are significantly more energy efficient and use cleaner types of energy. We conclude with an analysis of US outbound investment. Although the pattern of US foreign investment is skewed towards industries with high costs of pollution abatement, the results are not robust across specifications.
| Author | : John F. McEldowney |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : Environmental law |
| ISBN | : 9780857938206 |
Featuring an original introduction by the editors, this important collection of essays explores the main issues surrounding the regulation of the environment. The expert contributors illustrate that regulating the environment in the UK is conceptually complex, involves a diverse range of institutions, techniques and methodologies and crosses geographical and national boundaries. In the USA it is more formalised, juridical, adversarial and formally dependent upon legal rules. The articles highlight the fact that despite differences in the UK and the USA's regulatory styles, environmental regulation today has much in common with both traditions.
| Author | : Don Fullerton |
| Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 442 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
A pollution haven may arise if environmental stringency differs between countries, when capital is mobile, and when trade rules allow firms to relocate and still sell their products to the same customers. This cohesive volume analyzes how country characteristics determine environmental rules, how those rules affect production costs, trade, and investment flows, how those flows affect pollution, prices, and incomes, and finally how all of these last considerations feed back into environmental rules. The sixteen papers collected here represent the most recent and significant advancements of knowledge on the subject. The contributors, all well-known scholars in the area, investigate how polluter location decisions respond to pollution policies, how local environmental rules respond to those location decisions, and how trade liberalization affects the incentives of governments to regulate dirty industries. The volume begins with a comprehensive overview by M. Scott Taylor and goes on to explore how the usual effects of pollution havens can be reversed. Also covered are the ways in which managed trade and trade liberalization, the regulation of multinationals, political stability and emissions controls impact pollution havens. Written for a multidisciplinary audience, The Economics of Pollution Havens will be of interest to those working in the areas of economics, international trade, political science, public policy, and environmental studies.
| Author | : Vojislav Maksimovic |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 77 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Access to Finance |
| ISBN | : |
Abstract: China is often mentioned as a counterexample to the findings in the finance and growth literature since, despite the weaknesses in its banking system, it is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The fast growth of Chinese private sector firms is taken as evidence that it is alternative financing and governance mechanisms that support China's growth. This paper takes a closer look at firm financing patterns and growth using a database of 2,400 Chinese firms. The authors find that a relatively small percentage of firms in the sample utilize formal bank finance with a much greater reliance on informal sources. However, the results suggest that despite its weaknesses, financing from the formal financial system is associated with faster firm growth, whereas fund raising from alternative channels is not. Using a selection model, the authors find no evidence that these results arise because of the selection of firms that have access to the formal financial system. Although firms report bank corruption, there is no evidence that it significantly affects the allocation of credit or the performance of firms that receive the credit. The findings suggest that the role of reputation and relationship based financing and governance mechanisms in financing the fastest growing firms in China is likely to be overestimated.
| Author | : Beata K. Smarzynska Javorcik |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : Air quality management |
| ISBN | : |
The "pollution haven" hypothesis states that multinational firms, particularly those in highly polluting industries, relocate to countries with weak environmental standards. Despite the plausibility and popularity of this hypothesis, Smarzynska and Wei find only weak evidence in its favor.
| Author | : Douglas Auld |
| Publisher | : University of Toronto Press |
| Total Pages | : 225 |
| Release | : 1972-12-15 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1442633093 |
The purpose of this collection is to provide the student with an introduction to the way in which the discipline of economics tackles the problems posed in affluent societies by their various ‘waste’ products. ‘Pollution economics’ introduces a student to aspects of price economics, public finance, and political economy in relation to a pressing and complex public concern. The work includes a number of Canadian statements on pollution and its control in this country, and gives the text of two recent pieces of legislation on the topic. The selections in this volume present a wide variety of opinions, ideas, and facts about the economic dimension of the ecological crisis. Pollution costs money—pollution abatement also costs money and these costs will have to be paid somehow by some people. The contributors—politicians, businessmen, and professors—explore the problem of pollution and its control as each sees it, and the volume as a whole should help encourage a greater awareness both of economics as a way of thinking and of the difficulties in making the right public policies.
| Author | : Rafay, Abdul |
| Publisher | : IGI Global |
| Total Pages | : 545 |
| Release | : 2022-02-18 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 179988211X |
Energy and environmental finance (EEF) is an emerging global phenomenon. During the last few decades, many countries started monitoring EEF practices. Major components of these practices include costs, fraud, scandals, and more. Among several problems, the most prevalent is the lack of awareness about the issues of EEF among various stakeholders. The Handbook of Research on Energy and Environmental Finance 4.0 is an international reference that provides understanding and lessons learned in all aspects of EEF in individual, organizational, and societal experiences. This book examines research in the shape of experience, implementation, and application. Covering topics such as clean power, energy poverty, and environmental degradation, this book is a dynamic resource for academicians, researchers, professionals who work within the domains of EEF, EEF regulators, scholars of EEF, managers involved in EEF organizations, law practitioners involved in EEF regulations, auditors involved in audit and control systems of EEF, university professors, and students pursuing studies and research in EEF.
| Author | : Jun Ma |
| Publisher | : Columbia University Press |
| Total Pages | : 313 |
| Release | : 2016-11-29 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0231541899 |
Suffocating smog regularly envelops Chinese metropolises from Beijing to Shanghai, clouding the future prospect of China's growth sustainability. Air pollutants do not discriminate between the rich and the poor, the politician and the "average Joe." They put everyone's health and economic prosperity at risk, creating future costs that are difficult to calculate. Yet many people, including some in China, are concerned that addressing environmental challenges will jeopardize economic growth. In The Economics of Air Pollution in China, leading Chinese economist Ma Jun makes the case that the trade-off between growth and environment is not inevitable. In his ambitious proposal to tackle severe air pollution and drastically reduce the level of so-called PM 2.5 particles—microscopic pollutants that lodge deeply in lungs—Ma Jun argues that in targeting pollution, China has a real opportunity to undertake significant structural economic reforms that would support long-term growth. Rooted in rigorous analyses and evidence-based projections, Ma Jun's "big bang" proposal aims to mitigate pollution and facilitate a transition to a greener and more sustainable growth model.
| Author | : Francis A. Schaeffer |
| Publisher | : Crossway |
| Total Pages | : 162 |
| Release | : 2011-03-02 |
| Genre | : Religion |
| ISBN | : 143351950X |
At the creation of the world, God gave mankind the responsibility to exercise dominion over the earth. Man was to use the earth and its abundance of resources to satisfy his physical needs, but he was also to care for the earth and its creatures as a wise and godly steward. Reading about endangered species or another oil spill will make it abundantly clear that the human race has failed miserably in its God-given mandate. How did we get to this point? Where should we go from here? This classic by Francis Schaeffer, now repackaged, looks at contemporary ecological crises through the lens of theology and Scripture. Renowned for his work in applied philosophy and theology, Schaeffer answers serious philosophical questions about creation and ecology. He concludes that we must return to a profoundly and radically biblical understanding of God’s relationship to the earth, and of our divine mandate to exercise godly dominion over it. Repackaged and republished, Pollution and the Death of Man carries an important and relevant message for our day. With concluding chapter by Udo Middelmann.
| Author | : Sigrun M. Wagner |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 472 |
| Release | : 2020-07-19 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1351803158 |
Environmental sustainability is increasingly important to organisations, whether for regulatory, financial or ethical reasons. Business and Environmental Sustainability looks at the environmental aspect of sustainability for all organisations pursuing competitive advantage. The book provides theoretical foundations from science, economics, policy and strategy, introduces three environmental challenges (climate change, pollution and waste) and looks at how corporate functions can address these. This textbook provides a thorough foundation by introducing readers to the science, reasoning and theory behind environmental sustainability and then delves into how these ideas translate into principles and business models for organisations to use. Next, it covers environmental challenges from climate change, pollution and waste, and then goes on to examine the different corporate functions (from supply chain management to human resources) to illustrate how environmental sustainability is managed and put into practice in organisations. Finally, a set of integrative case studies draws everything together and enables the reader to apply various analytical tools, with the aim of understanding how companies can not only reduce their environmental footprint but can positively contribute to environmental sustainability. Written by an award-winning lecturer, Business and Environmental Sustainability boasts a wealth of pedagogical features, including examples from a range of industries and countries, plus a companion website with slides, quiz questions and instructor material. This will be a valuable text for students of business, management and environmental sustainability and will also be suitable for broader courses on corporate responsibility and sustainability across environmental studies, political science and engineering.
