Planning For Conflict Termination And Post Conflict Success
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| Total Pages | : 19 |
| Release | : 2003 |
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It is always easier to get into a conflict than to get out of one. In 1956, for example, British Prime Minister Anthony Eden with French Premier Guy Mollet planned to unseat President Nasser of Egypt and reduce his influence in the region by a combined and coordinated British, French, and Israeli military operation. The French and British leadership conducted detailed, thorough planning to ensure that the costs and risks were reduced to an acceptable minimum. In violation of Clausewitz's guidance, however, the operation was launched without a good idea about termination and what the post-conflict situation would look like. What if landing on the Suez Canal at Port Said and Port Fuad did not force Nasser to step down? Were France and Britain then willing to march on Cairo? Would they have international support for such a move? If they seized Cairo, what would the new Egyptian government look like? Could it stay in power without keeping British and French troops in Egypt for years to come? Would the British and French have world opinion on their side for such an occupation? In the end, Israel launched the attack and British and French forces landed on the Suez Canal. But the operation did not turn out as planned. The United States and Soviets, along with world opinion, forced the British and French to withdraw. President Nasser, rather than being defeated, became the victor and the leader of the Arab cause, while the British and the French lost prestige and influence. How could rational decision makers get it so wrong? This article examines the doctrinal basis for conflict termination planning and provides suggestions and approaches for greater success.
| Author | : Dominic J. Caraccilo |
| Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing USA |
| Total Pages | : 232 |
| Release | : 2011-01-19 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0313391505 |
This work is a doctrinal examination of war termination strategy and conflict resolution as a dependent pair, requiring a plan to achieve both in unison in advance of a fight. The necessity of a plan for conflict resolution should be intuitively obvious for policymakers, yet a survey of recent conflicts, including Afghanistan and Iraq, shows that not to be the case. Beyond Guns and Steel: A War Termination Strategy provides a practical approach to establishing a plan for war termination and conflict resolution before the bullets fly. In explaining the difference between strategy and policy, Colonel Dominic J. Caraccilo clarifies the most important, and often the most constraining, element of a nation's power—its resources. He posits that termination strategy and conflict resolution are interdependent and need to be included in conflict plans from the outset. Caraccilo's book fills a void in current strategy for the development of long-term plans that bring conflicts to timely and acceptable conclusions, providing a methodology that allows interagency requirements and resources for war termination to be defined, allocated, and employed effectively.
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| Total Pages | : 61 |
| Release | : 2005 |
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Joint and U.S. Army doctrine is deficient in addressing post-conflict operations (PCO) with PCO defined as Stability and Support Operations conducted after the conclusion of major combat to achieve the strategic policy objectives for peace. This study addresses three central questions. Is there a need for post-conflict planning in the campaign process? What conditions are necessary to achieve success in the post-conflict environment? Are PCO the decisive phase? Brief case studies demonstrate the importance of PCO planning and suggest five necessary conditions for success: national and domestic security, a governing body, a judicial system, an economic system, and a populace capable of making the first four work. As U.S. military involvement does not culminate with the successful conclusion of major combat, planning for conflict termination and transition from combat to PCO should outline necessary conditions for a smooth transition. This study concludes that PCO is the decisive phase of operations and offers a planning model based on academic and doctrinal sources. Additional conclusions are that the U.S. military acknowledge its leading role in planning and executing PCO, major war games should incorporate post-conflict planning and execution, and the Department of Defense should pursue the developing Joint Interagency Coordination Group concept.
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| Total Pages | : 22 |
| Release | : 2007 |
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The United States military has overwhelmingly succeeded on the battlefield during recent conflicts, only to be stymied during post-conflict Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction (SSTR) operations. As a result, the U.S. has repeatedly struggled to meet desired national strategic objectives. In sharp contrast, U.S. post-conflict operations were highly successful in Germany and Japan following World War II. This paper will analyze why there is a huge discrepancy between more recent war termination results and post-conflict nation building efforts. Specifically, the paper will define war termination, as distinguished from conflict termination and conflict resolution, and then highlight the Joint Force Commander's role in war termination planning using experiential conflict lessons and current policy guidance as a framework. After establishing the Joint Force Commander as the appropriate lead for war termination planning, an analysis of the experiential lessons will detail organizational and environmental obstacles to the Commander's successful war termination planning. The paper will conclude with recommendations for addressing these obstacles and improving overall war termination planning during operational design development to ensure our nation's strategic objectives are satisfactorily met.
| Author | : Bruce W. Sudduth |
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| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : War |
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Joint Pub 3-0 identifies the need to plan for conflict termination but our experiences in conflict demonstrate that more comprehensive planning needs to be done in terminating conflicts. The strategic outcome of the Gulf War reveals deficiencies in conflict termination planning. The Japanese planning in the Russo-Japanese War evidenced a clear strategy for ending that conflict. Examination of these experiences provides lessons we can use to improve planning for conflict termination. This is an area where most planning staffs do not concentrate or excel. Our primary focus has been and is the military victory which does not ensure the political victory. The role of military strategy in conflict termination is to end the conflict at the least cost and transition to post-conflict activities to ensure achievement of the desired end state. With current guidance the military planners will continue to face a difficult task in formulating conflict termination strategies. This paper will present recommendations for planning war termination strategies.
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| Total Pages | : 31 |
| Release | : 2008 |
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There has been a significant focus in recent years on the idea of conflict termination. The context of 21st century warfare, however, requires a new conceptual framework and the replacement of outdated and inaccurate terminology. Instead of continuing to consider conflict termination in planning, adopting the concept of "Conflict Transformation" as a primary element in operational design will more effectively combine the relevant aspects of termination with the emerging concept of Security, Stability, Transition, and Reconstruction (SSTR) Operations. Ongoing operations in Iraq and Afghanistan reflect a transformational approach to conflict that must be codified. As SSTR operations become increasingly critical to operational success, conflict transformation offers a better framework to link current doctrine with this emerging concept. This will more precisely reflect what is operationally possible and more accurately denote what is operationally intended. By combining the relevant elements of termination with the emerging SSTR concept into the operational design framework offered by conflict transformation, operational planning can be more effectively focused.
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| Total Pages | : 31 |
| Release | : 2009 |
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In light of the significant challenges in Iraq and Afghanistan, contemporary discourse has rightly focused on civil-military affairs and is rife with calls for a?whole-of-government? approach that would provide greater capacity to other instruments of national power while better defining the military's role in post-conflict activities. United States Government decision makers have resisted the pursuit of sweeping changes to the structure and resourcing of the interagency to effectively plan and execute post-conflict operations, resulting in seams that lie between the rhetoric of cooperation and the reality of capacity. This paper argues that the CCDR should be the principle arbiter for post-conflict planning and that such planning should precede and inform the operational design leading to conflict termination. This thesis is supported through an exploration of the underpinning arguments for and against military primacy in planning for post-conflict operations, and an examination of doctrinal shortfalls that fail to support the CCDR's comprehensive estimates necessary to achieve success during the post-conflict period. Recommendations propose changes to joint doctrine that would include the development of a new Joint Interagency Planning Process.
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| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1995 |
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The expression 'War Termination' has been received with an admixture of reactions ranging from idealism and acceptance, to skepticism and cynicism, to outright opposition. This is largely due to a lack of clear definition of terms. Conflict termination is a process that addresses and attempts to correct the fundamental root causes of dispute to lessen the likelihood of again resorting to armed conflict once a settlement is reached. This research paper analyzes both historic and current conflict termination planning and execution processes, draws conclusions and proposes an annex for DOD Joint Publication 5-03.1, Joint Operation Planning and Execution System, Volume 1: Planning Policies and Procedures. The purpose of the annex is to make conflict termination an integral part of the campaign planning process. The annex underscores pertinent issues and planning strategies to ensure victory on the battlefield while creating a conducive post-hostilities environment to achieve political objectives. Chapter 1 limits the scope of the study to interagency relationships and the development of DOD planning guidance for conflict termination. It also provides a review of the related literature used in this study. Chapter 2 establishes a common framework regarding conflict termination theories. Chapter 3 uses case studies to highlight the learning process and lessons learned in terminating previous conflicts. Chapter 4 provides insight into practical application of current and recommended termination concepts. Chapter 5 concludes with a summary of our research findings and suggestions for improved interagency coordination and incorporation of conflict termination in the deliberate and crisis planning processes.
| Author | : Mario A. Garza |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 20 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : Military planning |
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It is usually not the outcome of battles, but the way the conflict is terminated, that has a long-term impact on the warring parties' future. Our national political leaders determine the desired end-state to be achieved as a result of using the military instrument of power to achieve our national strategic objectives. The operational commander and his staff must understand the nature of conflict termination and the post-conflict activities so that they will be able to effectively translate the desired end state into the military conditions required to achieve our strategic objectives. Conflict termination involves more than merely ending the hostilities. Interagency coordination is an absolute necessity. Unity of effort among government agencies, such as the State Department, Agency for International Development, nongovernmental organizations and private voluntary organizations is required for success planning and execution of civil military operations. Conflict termination must be considered early in the campaign planning process. One can draw several valuable lessons from our experience with Operation JUST CAUSE in Panama.
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| Total Pages | : 7 |
| Release | : 2002 |
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Although the Armed Forces have proven themselves a capable policy instrument the Nation has always struggled with conflict termination. America has often prevailed military while failing to achieve policy goals quickly and efficiently. A scan of joint publications suggests that military professionals embrace the idea of a termination strategy but doctrine offers little practical help. It is time to take the next step creating an interagency organization and practices that can effectively conduct termination planning. Each regional commander in chief (CINC) should have a standing interagency team to act as an operations transition planning cell. This element must include members well versed in the application of the military diplomatic informational, and economic instruments of national power.
