Mammalian Dispersal Patterns

Mammalian Dispersal Patterns
Author: B. Diane Chepko-Sade
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 361
Release: 1987
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0226102688

Mammalian Dispersal Patterns examines the ways that social structure affects population genetics and, in turn, rates of evolution, in mammalian groups. It brings together fieldwork in animal behavior and wildlife biology with theoretical work in demography and population genetics. The focus here is dispersal—whether, how, and when individuals leave the areas where they are born. Theoretical work in population genetics indicates that such social factors as skewed sex ratios, restrictive mating patterns, and delayed age of first reproduction will lower the reproductive variability of a population by reducing the number of genotypes passed from one generation to the next. Field studies have shown that many mammalian species do exhibit many such social characteristics. Among horses, elephant seals, and a number of primates, the majority of females are inseminated by only a fraction of the males. In pacts of wolves and mongooses, usually only the highest-ranking male and female breed in a given season. Although socially restricted mating tends to lower genetic variability in isolated populations, it actually tends to increase genetic variability in subdivided populations with low rates of migration between subunits. Among some species there is little dispersal and thus little gene flow between subpopulations; other species travel far afield before mating. The contributors to this volume examine actual data from populations of mammals, the way patterns of dispersal correlate with the genetic structure of individuals and populations, and mathematical models of population structure. This interdisciplinary approach has an important bearing on work in conservation of both wildlife and zoo populations, for it shows that the home range and the population size needed to maintain genetic variability can differ greatly from one species to the next. The volume also offers a fruitful model for future research.

Behavioral Ecology and Conservation Biology

Behavioral Ecology and Conservation Biology
Author: Tim Caro
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 599
Release: 1998-08-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0195355725

In just the last few years, behavioral ecologists have begun to address issues in conservation biology. This volume is the first attempt to link these disciplines formally. Here leading researchers explore current topics in conservation biology and discuss how behavioral ecology can contribute to a greater understanding of conservation problems and conservation intervention programs. In each chapter, the authors identify a conservation issue, review the ways it has been addressed, review behavioral ecological data related to it, including their own, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the behavioral ecological approach, and put forward specific conservation recommendations. The chapters juxtapose different studies on a wide variety of taxonomic groups. A number of common themes emerge, including the ways in which animal mating systems affect population persistence, the roles of dispersal and inbreeding avoidance for topics such as reserve design and effective population size, the key role of humans in conservation issues, and the importance of baseline data for conservation monitoring and modeling attempts. Each chapter sheds new light on conservation problems, generates innovative avenues of interdisciplinary research, and shows how conservation-minded behavioral ecologists can apply their expertise to some of the most important questions we face today.

Predicting Species Occurrences

Predicting Species Occurrences
Author: J. Michael Scott
Publisher: Island Press
Total Pages: 940
Release: 2002-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781597263054

Predictions about where different species are, where they are not, and how they move across a landscape or respond to human activities -- if timber is harvested, for instance, or stream flow altered -- are important aspects of the work of wildlife biologists, land managers, and the agencies and policymakers that govern natural resources. Despite the increased use and importance of model predictions, these predictions are seldom tested and have unknown levels of accuracy.Predicting Species Occurrences addresses those concerns, highlighting for managers and researchers the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches, as well as the magnitude of the research required to improve or test predictions of currently used models. The book is an outgrowth of an international symposium held in October 1999 that brought together scientists and researchers at the forefront of efforts to process information about species at different spatial and temporal scales. It is a comprehensive reference that offers an exhaustive treatment of the subject, with 65 chapters by leading experts from around the world that: review the history of the theory and practice of modeling and present a standard terminology examine temporal and spatial scales in terms of their influence on patterns and processes of species distribution offer detailed discussions of state-of-the-art modeling tools and descriptions of methods for assessing model accuracy discuss how to predict species presence and abundance present examples of how spatially explicit data on demographics can provide important information for managers An introductory chapter by Michael A. Huston examines the ecological context in which predictions of species occurrences are made, and a concluding chapter by John A. Wiens offers an insightful review and synthesis of the topics examined along with guidance for future directions and cautions regarding misuse of models. Other contributors include Michael P. Austin, Barry R. Noon, Alan H. Fielding, Michael Goodchild, Brian A. Maurer, John T. Rotenberry, Paul Angermeier, Pierre R. Vernier, and more than a hundred others.Predicting Species Occurrences offers important new information about many of the topics raised in the seminal volume Wildlife 2000 (University of Wisconsin Press, 1986) and will be the standard reference on this subject for years to come. Its state-of-the-art assessment will play a key role in guiding the continued development and application of tools for making accurate predictions and is an indispensable volume for anyone engaged in species management or conservation.

Animal Dispersal

Animal Dispersal
Author: N.C. Stenseth
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 359
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401123381

4.1.1 Demographic significance Confined populations grow more rapidly than populations from which dispersal is permitted (Lidicker, 1975; Krebs, 1979; Tamarin et at., 1984), and demography in island populations where dispersal is restricted differs greatly from nearby mainland populations (Lidicker, 1973; Tamarin, 1977, 1978; Gliwicz, 1980), clearly demonstrating the demographic signi ficance of dispersal. The prevalence of dispersal in rapidly expanding populations is held to be the best evidence for presaturation dispersal. Because dispersal reduces the growth rate of source populations, it is generally believed that emigration is not balanced by immigration, and that mortality of emigrants occurs as a result of movement into a 'sink' of unfavourable habitat. If such dispersal is age- or sex-biased, the demo graphy of the population is markedly affected, as a consequence of differ ences in mortality in the dispersive sex or age class. Habitat heterogeneity consequently underlies this interpretation of dispersal and its demographic consequences, although the spatial variability of environments is rarely assessed in dispersal studies.

Spatial Ecology

Spatial Ecology
Author: David Tilman
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 368
Release: 2018-06-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 069118836X

Spatial Ecology addresses the fundamental effects of space on the dynamics of individual species and on the structure, dynamics, diversity, and stability of multispecies communities. Although the ecological world is unavoidably spatial, there have been few attempts to determine how explicit considerations of space may alter the predictions of ecological models, or what insights it may give into the causes of broad-scale ecological patterns. As this book demonstrates, the spatial structure of a habitat can fundamentally alter both the qualitative and quantitative dynamics and outcomes of ecological processes. Spatial Ecology highlights the importance of space to five topical areas: stability, patterns of diversity, invasions, coexistence, and pattern generation. It illustrates both the diversity of approaches used to study spatial ecology and the underlying similarities of these approaches. Over twenty contributors address issues ranging from the persistence of endangered species, to the maintenance of biodiversity, to the dynamics of hosts and their parasitoids, to disease dynamics, multispecies competition, population genetics, and fundamental processes relevant to all these cases. There have been many recent advances in our understanding of the influence of spatially explicit processes on individual species and on multispecies communities. This book synthesizes these advances, shows the limitations of traditional, non-spatial approaches, and offers a variety of new approaches to spatial ecology that should stimulate ecological research.

The European Rabbit

The European Rabbit
Author: Harry V. Thompson
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
Total Pages: 245
Release: 1994
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780198576112

This book reviews the biology of the rabbit as a successful invader and colonizer, summarizing many long-term scientific studies and the history of efforts to control it in Britain, continental Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Enjoyed for its meat and fur, but cursed for its impact on ecosystems and agriculture, the rabbit is often at the centre of ecological controversy. The first two chapters describe the origins, evolution, and taxonomy of Oryctolagus cuniculus and its naturaland assisted spread. The following four chapters on Europe, Britain, Australia, and New Zealand cover common subjects such as reproduction, population-dynamics, and control operations. The parallels and contrasts in the behaviour, ecology, and management of rabbits in very different environments are fascinating. The last chapter gives a comprehensive review of myxomatosis, arguably the most important and best-studied epizootic in the history of wildlife management.

Viable Populations for Conservation

Viable Populations for Conservation
Author: Michael E. Soulé
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 212
Release: 1987-08-13
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9780521336574

This book addresses research in the rapidly developing integration of conservation biology with population biology.

Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts

Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts
Author: Michael R. Conover
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 442
Release: 2001-08-29
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1420032585

As more and more people crowd onto less and less land, incidences of human-wildlife conflicts will only increase. A comprehensive overview of this emerging field, Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts: The Science of Wildlife Damage Management discusses the issues facing wildlife managers and anyone else dealing with interactions between wildlife and

Large Scale Ecology and Conservation Biology

Large Scale Ecology and Conservation Biology
Author: P. J. Edwards
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Total Pages: 388
Release: 1994-08-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780632038329

What will the ecological consequences of rapid climatic change be? What rate of exploitation of deep sea fish stocks is sustainable? Can we predict the dynamics of epidemic diseases such as AIDS? Where should we direct our conservation efforts in the face of the accelerating rate of loss of biodiversity? A fundamental issue in our attempts to answer these and other questions, is whether we can make ecological predictions at a scale appropriate to the pressing environmental problems that need to be addressed. Most ecological theory has developed from studies conducted at a small scale within a single habitat. This book tackles the distinctive character of large scale ecological processes by considering three main topics. First, it examines the nature of large scale ecological processes and the adequacy of ecological concepts and models. Second, it addresses the practical problems of working at large scales, and the tools (such as remote sensing and GIS), that are available. Finally, it considers the social, economic and political issues associated with the application of ecological ideas in decision making and policy.