Between Struggle and Hope documents the process of black educational development in the years 1894-1915, the age of Booker T. Washington. Using as case studies the careers of four key black educators of the period, author Arnold Cooper analyzes the impact of Washington's Tuskegee Principle on the thinking of William Edwards, William Holtzclaw, Laurence Jones, and Thomas Fuller -- men who were among the pioneers in the development of modern black educational institutions in the United States. - Jacket flap.