The Handbook on Experimental Statistics has been prepared as an aid to scientists and engineers engaged in Army research and development programs, and especially as a guide and ready reference for military and civilian personnel who have responsibility for the planning and interpretation of experiments and tests relating to the performance of Army equipment in the design and developmental stages of production. The present document, section 1, provides an elementary introduction to basic statistical concepts and furnishes full details on standard statistical techniques for the analysis and interpretation of measurement data.