Optimal Tariffs With Smuggling
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| Author | : Johnson, Michael E. |
| Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2015-12-25 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : |
Utilizing a spatial multi-market model for rice in Nigeria that explicitly takes into account the potential for smuggling, in this paper we analyze the welfare implications of alternative rice tariff rates given the government’s goals of spurring domestic production and reducing imports. Because smuggling occurs through the diversion of imports from Lagos, the official port of entry in the south, to the north, our modeling framework also captures the spatial effects of higher tariffs on changes in rural and urban prices, production and consumption, the flow of trade in rice, and welfare across different parts of the country. Results show that tariff rates that exceed about 40 percent introduce some smuggling of rice through the north when smuggling becomes more profitable than importing through official channels in the south. It is also at this tipping point that government tariff revenues are maximized. At higher tariff rates with smuggling, the south experiences greater welfare losses, especially in urban areas.
| Author | : Peyton Ferrier |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The United States bans imports of certain agricultural and wildlife goods that can carry pathogens or diseases or whose harvest can threaten wildlife stocks or endanger species. Despite these bans, contraband is regularly uncovered in inspections of cargo containers and in domestic markets. This study characterizes the economic factors affecting agricultural and wildlife smuggling by drawing on inspection and interdiction data from USDA and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and existing economic literature. Findings reveal that agricultural and wildlife smuggling primarily include luxury goods, ethnic foods, and specialty goods, such as traditional medicines. Incidents of detected smuggling are disproportionately higher for agricultural goods originating in China and for wildlife goods originating in Mexico. Fragmentary data show that approximately 1 percent of all commercial wildlife shipments to the United States and 0.40 percent of all U.S. wildlife imports by value are refused entry and suspected of being smuggled.
| Author | : Davide Furceri |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 57 |
| Release | : 2019-01-15 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484390067 |
We study the macroeconomic consequences of tariffs. We estimate impulse response functions from local projections using a panel of annual data that spans 151 countries over 1963-2014. We find that tariff increases lead, in the medium term, to economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity. Tariff increases also result in more unemployment, higher inequality, and real exchange rate appreciation, but only small effects on the trade balance. The effects on output and productivity tend to be magnified when tariffs rise during expansions, for advanced economies, and when tariffs go up, not down. Our results are robust to a large number of perturbations to our methodology, and we complement our analysis with industry-level data.
| Author | : Bharat Hazari |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 221 |
| Release | : 2016-02-05 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1317241711 |
First published in 1978. This book provides a simple, systematic, yet rigorous treatment of the key aspects of the pure theory of international trade and distortions. The opening chapter presents the standard two-factor, two-commodity barter model of international trade and a comprehensive treatment of the important properties and relationships. The rest of the book consists of four sections: parts One and Two are devoted to an analysis of factor market imperfections, and Parts Three and Four consider the trade-theoretical consequences of product market imperfections. A concluding chapter presents some generalised theorems. This book would be of interest to students of economics.
| Author | : Jagdish N. Bhagwati |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 221 |
| Release | : 2014-05-12 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1483274802 |
Studies in International Economics, Volume 1: Illegal Transactions in International Trade: Theory and Measurement embraces the theoretical, empirical, and econometric aspects of international economic analysis. The selection first elaborates on a theoretical analysis of smuggling, an alternative proof of the Bhagwati-Hansen results on smuggling and welfare, and smuggling and trade policy. Discussions focus on optimal tariff and revenue questions, legal trade eliminated by smuggling, legal trade co-existing with smuggling, overinvoicing and underinvoicing of transactions, and smuggling and welfare. The text then examines overinvoicing, underutilization, and distorted industrial growth, fiscal policies, faking of foreign trade declarations, and the balance of payments, and accuracy of economic observations. Topics include statistics of foreign commodity trade, trade tariffs and subsidies, effect on capital complexity, industrial employment and output growth, implications for industrial development, effective exchange rate for capital imports, and foreign-exchange profits of overinvoicing. The manuscript ponders on tariffs and smuggling in Indonesia and the problems of assessing unrecorded trade, including complications in comparing partners' trade accounts, measuring recorded values of all products, market impact of smuggling, and methods for detecting smuggling. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in international trade.
| Author | : Harvey Lapan |
| Publisher | : Dép. d'économique, Université Laval |
| Total Pages | : 56 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : Foreign trade regulation |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Oliver Morrissey |
| Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 476 |
| Release | : 2015-05-29 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1781005311 |
This timely Handbook comprehensively explores the complex relationships between trade and economic performance in developing countries, illustrating that it is not trade per se that is important but the context, at the firm, country and regional level, in which trade occurs.
| Author | : Murray C. Kemp |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 240 |
| Release | : 2013-01-11 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1134599447 |
When can a country be said to benefit from free trade? This question has obsessed economists for more than 200 years, and a definitive answer has never been provided. Continuing the influential work begun in The Gains from Trade and the Gains from Aid, (Routledge 1995), Murray Kemp here presents the recent progress he and his co-workers have made in tackling this important question.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Concept Publishing Company |
| Total Pages | : 260 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : International Monetary Fund |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 14 |
| Release | : 1988-10-20 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 145195137X |
The relevant “size” of an economy is affected by its environment. A country could be small in the world economy yet become big in relation to its smaller neighbors, imposing on them its relative price structure and the consequences of its trade policies. We examine here the consequences of such a “Gulliver” effect, looking at the case of Nepal whose economy is closely linked to the economy of India. Since India’s protective policies are not optimal for Nepal, we consider the various alternatives for Nepal. The “optimal divergence” is for Nepal to allow the free import of intermediate and capital goods, while, for import-competing industries, it cannot depart from India’s trade policy.
