This book is part of the OECD Environmental Performance Reviews Programme which conducts peer reviews of environmental conditions and progress in each Member country. It scrutinises efforts to meet both domestic objectives and international commitments. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data and lead to recommendations for further environmental and sustainable development progress. (OECD website). This reviews progress since 1994, when the previous environmental performance review was published. Among the priority concerns are: urban air pollution, soil and water management, waste management, nature and landscape conservation, climate change, transport management, and protection of coastal and the marine environment. Among a number of recommendations, Italy will need to: i) improve it environmental infrastructure; ii) integrate further environmental concerns into economic and social decisions and iii) reinforce its international environmental co-operation.