Occasional Paper No 13 Exchange Rates And Reserve Bank Operations
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| Author | : Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Banks and Banking |
| ISBN | : 9780894991967 |
Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.
| Author | : Romain Lafarguette |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 33 |
| Release | : 2021-02-12 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513569406 |
This paper presents a rule for foreign exchange interventions (FXI), designed to preserve financial stability in floating exchange rate arrangements. The FXI rule addresses a market failure: the absence of hedging solution for tail exchange rate risk in the market (i.e. high volatility). Market impairment or overshoot of exchange rate between two equilibria could generate high volatility and threaten financial stability due to unhedged exposure to exchange rate risk in the economy. The rule uses the concept of Value at Risk (VaR) to define FXI triggers. While it provides to the market a hedge against tail risk, the rule allows the exchange rate to smoothly adjust to new equilibria. In addition, the rule is budget neutral over the medium term, encourages a prudent risk management in the market, and is more resilient to speculative attacks than other rules, such as fixed-volatility rules. The empirical methodology is backtested on Banco Mexico’s FXIs data between 2008 and 2016.
| Author | : Andreas Jobst |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 48 |
| Release | : 2016-08-10 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1475524471 |
More than two years ago the European Central Bank (ECB) adopted a negative interest rate policy (NIRP) to achieve its price stability objective. Negative interest rates have so far supported easier financial conditions and contributed to a modest expansion in credit, demonstrating that the zero lower bound is less binding than previously thought. However, interest rate cuts also weigh on bank profitability. Substantial rate cuts may at some point outweigh the benefits from higher asset values and stronger aggregate demand. Further monetary accommodation may need to rely more on credit easing and an expansion of the ECB’s balance sheet rather than substantial additional reductions in the policy rate.
| Author | : Mr.Steven Phillips |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 2014-01-13 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484346785 |
The External Balance Assessment (EBA) methodology has been developed by the IMF’s Research Department as a successor to the CGER methodology for assessing current accounts and exchange rates in a multilaterally consistent manner. Compared to other approaches, EBA emphasizes distinguishing between the positive empirical analysis and the normative assessment of current accounts and exchange rates, and highlights the roles of policies and policy distortions. This paper provides a comprehensive description and discussion of the 2013 version (“2.0”) of the EBA methodology, including areas for its further development.
| Author | : Mr.Peter Stella |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 40 |
| Release | : 1997-07-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1451850506 |
Central banks may operate perfectly well without capital as conventionally defined. A large negative net worth, however, is likely to compromise central bank independence and interfere with its ability to attain policy objectives. If society values an independent central bank capable of effectively implementing monetary policy, recapitalization may become essential. Proper accounting practice in determining central bank profit or loss and rules governing the transfer of the central bank’s operating result to the treasury are also important. A variety of country-specific central bank practices are reviewed to support the argument.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 258 |
| Release | : 2015-01-07 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484350162 |
This update of the guidelines published in 2001 sets forth the underlying framework for the Reserves Data Template and provides operational advice for its use. The updated version also includes three new appendices aimed at assisting member countries in reporting the required data.
| Author | : Mr.Jaromir Benes |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 71 |
| Release | : 2012-08-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1475505523 |
At the height of the Great Depression a number of leading U.S. economists advanced a proposal for monetary reform that became known as the Chicago Plan. It envisaged the separation of the monetary and credit functions of the banking system, by requiring 100% reserve backing for deposits. Irving Fisher (1936) claimed the following advantages for this plan: (1) Much better control of a major source of business cycle fluctuations, sudden increases and contractions of bank credit and of the supply of bank-created money. (2) Complete elimination of bank runs. (3) Dramatic reduction of the (net) public debt. (4) Dramatic reduction of private debt, as money creation no longer requires simultaneous debt creation. We study these claims by embedding a comprehensive and carefully calibrated model of the banking system in a DSGE model of the U.S. economy. We find support for all four of Fisher's claims. Furthermore, output gains approach 10 percent, and steady state inflation can drop to zero without posing problems for the conduct of monetary policy.
| Author | : Carl-Johan Lindgren |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 103 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9781557758712 |
An IMF paper reviewing the policy responses of Indonesia, Korea and Thailand to the 1997 Asian crisis, comparing the actions of these three countries with those of Malaysia and the Philippines. Although all judgements are still tentative, important lessons can be learned from the experiences of the last two years.
| Author | : Mr.Simon Gray |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 57 |
| Release | : 2011-02-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1455217905 |
Most central banks oblige depository institutions to hold minimum reserves against their liabilities, predominantly in the form of balances at the central bank. The role of these reserve requirements has evolved significantly over time. The overlay of changing purposes and practices has the result that it is not always fully clear what the current purpose of reserve requirements is, and this necessarily complicates thinking about how a reserve regime should be structured. This paper describes three main purposes for reserve requirements - prudential, monetary control and liquidity management - and suggests best practice for the structure of a reserves regime. Finally, the paper illustrates current practices using a 2010 IMF survey of 121 central banks.
| Author | : Ms.Hali J. Edison |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 31 |
| Release | : 2003-05-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1451852290 |
Since the Australian dollar was floated in December 1983, the Australian central bank (Reserve Bank of Australia) has actively intervened in the foreign exchange market. Using daily exchange rate and official intervention data from January 1984 to December 2001, this paper examines what effects, if any, foreign exchange operations by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) have had on the level and volatility of the Australian dollar exchange rate. First, using an event study we evaluate the effectiveness of intervention by examining its direct effect on the level of the exchange rate. We find that over the period 1997-2001, the RBA has had some success in its intervention operations, by moderating the depreciating tendency of the Australian dollar. Second, we investigate the effects of RBA intervention policies on exchange rate volatility over the floating rate period. Our results indicate that intervention operations tend to be associated with an increase in exchange rate volatility, which suggests that official intervention may have added to market uncertainty. Overall, the effects of RBA intervention are quite modest on both the level and the volatility of the Australian dollar exchange rate.
