Observation Of Matter Antimatter Asymmetry In The B Meson System
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| Author | : M. Giorgi |
| Publisher | : IOS Press |
| Total Pages | : 613 |
| Release | : 2006-07-25 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1614990190 |
For a long time after the discovery in 1964, by Christenson, Cronin, Fitch and Turlay, that the long-lived neutral kaon decays both into three and into two pions, which has since been taken as proof of CP violation, successive new and more precise experiments confirmed the original evidence and provided results compatible with a phenomenological description confining the CP violation to the mixing between neutral kaons and antikaons. However the Standard Model, with three generations of quarks, linking as it does CP violation to the presence of a single non trivial phase in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix, implies that if CP violation exists at all, then it is a general property of weak interactions, appearing in transitions were amplitudes involving all three quark families interfere with each other, producing effects with a magnitude related to that of the CKM coefficients. This fact has stimulated an impressive amount of theoretical work leading in many cases to precise predictions. This publication reviews the field, from both the theoretical and experimental point of view, while planning for the forthcoming experimentation at LHC and considering possible new facilities for kaon, B meson and neutrino physics. Abstracted in Inspec
| Author | : Steven E. Vigdor |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 313 |
| Release | : 2018-03-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0192546775 |
How does the scientific enterprise really work to illuminate the origins of life and the universe itself? The quest to understand our universe, how it may have originated and evolved, and especially the conditions that allow it to support the existence of life forms, has been a central theme in religion for millennia and in science for centuries. In the past half-century, in particular, enormous progress in particle and nuclear physics and cosmology has clarified the essential role of imperfections - deviations from perfect symmetry or homogeneity or predictability - in establishing conditions that allow for structure in the universe that can support the development of life. Many of these deviations are tiny and seem mysteriously fine-tuned to allow for life. The goal of this book is to review the recent and ongoing scientific research exploring these imperfections, in a broad-ranging, non-mathematical approach with an emphasis on the intricate tapestry of elegant experiments that bear on the conditions for habitability in our universe. This book makes clear what we know and how we know it, as distinct from what we speculate and how we might test it. At the same time, it attempts to convey a sense of wonderment at the tuning of these imperfections and of the rapid rate at which the boundary between knowledge and speculation is currently shifting.
| Author | : Michael Prim |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 111 |
| Release | : 2014-03-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319057561 |
This thesis describes the thorough analysis of the rare B meson decay into φ K* on data taken by the Belle Collaboration at the B-meson-factory KEKB over 10 years. This reaction is very interesting, because it in principle allows the observation of CP-violation effects. In the Standard Model however, no CP violation in this reaction is expected. An observation of CP asymmetries thus immediately implies new physics. This thesis presents an amplitude analysis of this decay and the search for CP violation in detail and discusses methods to solve related problems: The quantification of multivariate dependence and the improvement of numeric evaluation speed of normalization integrals in amplitude analysis. In addition it provides an overview of the theory, experimental setup, (blind) statistical data analysis and estimation of systematic uncertainties.
| Author | : G.C. Branco |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 549 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401006768 |
The NATO Advanced Study Institute 2000 was held in Cascais, a small town located in a renowned beach resort area, near Lisbon. The aim of the Meeting was to provide an overview and to cover the recent devel opments in some of the most important topics in Particle Physics and Cosmology, including Neutrino Physics, CP violation, B-Physics, Baryo genesis, Dark Matter, Inflation, Supersymmetry, Unified Theories, Large Extra-Di~ensions and M-theory. In the NATO ASI 2000, we had the priv ilege to have among the lecturers, some of the most prominent physicists working in the fields of Particle Physics and Cosmology. Furthermore, there was a strong participation by a large number of young scientists, including graduate students and post-docs who had an opportunity to learn about the latest developments in the field and discuss the various topics with lec turers and other participants. The enthusiasm of the young participants, the generosity of the lecturers in giving their time to participate in open discussions and debates, together with the social events and the pleasant environment of Cascais, all contributed to the great success of the Meeting. We are very grateful to Camara Municipal de Cascais for their support and organization of the reception in the beautiful Palace Condes Castro de Guimaraes and we are also specially grateful to colonel Eugenio de Oliveira for his support, to commander A. Monteiro de Macedo and to Mr.
| Author | : Dietmar W Menze |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 894 |
| Release | : 1999-06-18 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9814543772 |
This volume encompasses current issues in the physics of baryons, including their spectroscopy and quark-gluon substructure, and investigations with electroweak and strong interacting probes. The topics covered are: Baryon and Meson Spectroscopy, Chiral Physics, Heavy Quarks, Deep Inelastic Scattering, Form Factors and Exclusive Processes, Hadron-Nucleon Interaction, Hadrons in Nuclear Medium, and Special Topics in the First and Second Resonance, as well as a special part on the current status of neutrino physics. Each topic begins with an Introduction and Overview so as to make the more specialized papers readily accessible to non-experts.
| Author | : James E. Dodd |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 333 |
| Release | : 2020-09-24 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1108571727 |
This book is a comprehensive introduction to particle physics, bridging the gap between traditional textbooks on the subject and popular accounts that assume little background knowledge. This fourth edition is fully revised, including the most recent ideas and discoveries, and the latest avenues of research. The development of the subject is traced from the foundations of quantum mechanics and relativity, through the formulation of quantum field theories, to the standard model. Research now continues with the first signs of physics beyond the standard model and with the formulation of modern string theory which aims to include a quantum theory of gravity for the first time. This book is intended for anyone with a background in physical sciences who wishes to learn about particle physics. It is also valuable to students of physics wishing to gain an introductory overview of the subject.
| Author | : Frank Close |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 266 |
| Release | : 2004-11-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780198609438 |
1. The world of particle physics 2. Voyage into the atom 3. The structure of the atom 4. The extraterrestrials 5. The cosmic rain 6. The challenge of the big machines 7. The particle explosion 8. Colliders and image chambers 9. From charm to top 10. The 'whys' of particle physics 11. Futureclash 12. Particles at work Table of particles Further reading/acknowledgements Picture credits Index
| Author | : Lydia Iconomidou-Fayard |
| Publisher | : Atlantica Séguier Frontières |
| Total Pages | : 548 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : Kaons |
| ISBN | : 9782863322079 |
| Author | : Michael Beyer |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 343 |
| Release | : 2008-01-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3540478957 |
The exciting experiments of the BABAR and BELLE collaborations have now proven violation of CP symmetry in the neutral B system. This has renewed strong interest in the physics of CP violation. Novel experimental techniques and new highly intense neutron sources are now becoming available to further test the related time reversal symmetry. They will substantially lower the current limit on the neutron electric dipole moment and hence open up new tests of theoretical concepts beyond the Standard Model. These are strongly required to explain the decisive excess of matter versus antimatter in our Universe. There is a de?nite need to communicate these exciting developments to younger scientists, and therefore we organized a summer school in October 2000 on “CP Violation and Related Topics”, which was held in Prerow, a small Baltic Sea resort. These Lecture Notes were inspired by the vivid - terest of the participants, and I am grateful to the authors, who faced the unexpected and delivered all the material for an up-to-date introduction to this broad ?eld. It is a great pleasure for me to warmly thank the Co-organizers of the summer school, Henning Schr ̈oder, Thomas Mannel, Klaus R. Schubert and my colleague Roland Waldi. Also I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Volkswagen-Stiftung for their ?nancial support of this inspiring summer school.
| Author | : Magdolna Hargittai |
| Publisher | : Imperial College Press |
| Total Pages | : 732 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781860944161 |
Candid Science IV: Conversations with Famous Physicists contains 36 interviews with well-known physicists, including 20 Nobel laureates, Templeton Prize winners, Wolf Prize winners, and other luminaries. Physics has been one of the determining fields of science in the past 100 years, playing a conspicuous role not only in science but also in world politics and economics. These in-depth conversations provide a glimpse into the greatest achievements of physics during the past few decades, featuring stories of the discoveries, and showing the human drama behind them. The greatest physicists are brought into close human proximity as if readers were having a conversation with them. The interviewees span a wide range of scientists, from such early giants as Eugene Wigner and Mark Oliphant to members of the youngest generation such as the 2001 Nobel laureate Wolfgang Ketterle. The list includes famous personalities of our time, such as Steven Weinberg, Leon Lederman, Norman Ramsey, Edward Teller, John Wheeler, Mildred Dresselhaus, Maurice Goldhaber, Benoit Mandelbrot, John Polkinghorne, and Freeman Dyson.
