Molecular Features Of Virulence And Resistance Mechanisms In Nosocomial And Community Acquired Staphylococcus Aureus
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| Author | : Marcela Popa |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are known for their emergent multi-drug resistance phenotypes, implication in nosocomial infections and outbreaks worldwide, being commonly associated with hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) and community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections. S. aureus causes a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from mild to life-threatening diseases; disease severity is determined by microorganism-related virulence factors and host condition. The ability of these strains to form microbial biofilms, one of the main pathogenicity factors, generates difficult medical problems, favored by the widespread use of large invasive medical procedures (probes, catheters, heart valves, prostheses). Contamination of these devices is associated with the risk of subsequent development of human infections. The knowledge of virulence and antibiotic resistance patterns of HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA and encoding genes are very important for supporting effective infection control measures and therapy of staphylococcal infections.
| Author | : Shymaa Enany |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 226 |
| Release | : 2017-03-08 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 953512983X |
Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus is a growing issue both within hospitals and community because of its virulence determinants and the continuing emergence of new strains resistant to antimicrobiotics. In this book, we present the state of the art of S. aureus virulence mechanisms and antibiotic-resistance profiles, providing an unprecedented and comprehensive collection of up-to-date research about the evolution, dissemination, and mechanisms of different staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance patterns alongside bacterial virulence determinants and their impact in the medical field. We include several review chapters to allow readers to better understand the mechanisms of methicillin resistance, glycopeptide resistance, and horizontal gene transfer and the effects of alterations in S. aureus membranes and cell walls on drug resistance. In addition, we include chapters dedicated to unveiling S. aureus pathogenicity with the most current research available on S. aureus exfoliative toxins, enterotoxins, surface proteins, biofilm, and defensive responses of S. aureus to antibiotic treatment.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 254 |
| Release | : 2021-12-08 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1839627425 |
Staphylococcus aureus is a coccus, gram-positive, non-spore forming, and non-motile bacterium. Its commensal and opportunistic capabilities make it able to colonize different sites of animals and humans. Resistance to antibiotics has resulted in development of new strains and new types within strains. Types of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) include hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA), community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA), and livestock-acquired MRSA (LA-MRSA). There are also new strains like vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA). Expansion in resistance is expected to give rise to newer strains resistant to antibiotics such as macrolide (erm gene), tetracycline (tet genes), mupirocin (mupR), and fusidic acid (fusD). Alternative approaches like nanoparticles, bacteriophages, phytochemicals, and more are required to tackle this pathogen. This book contains information on epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, and alternative ways to curtail S. aureus infection, as well as future research opportunities.
| Author | : Per-Anders Mårdh |
| Publisher | : Coronet Books |
| Total Pages | : 232 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Coagulase |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Dlawer A. A. Ala'Aldeen |
| Publisher | : ISBS |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 2004-05 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781898563969 |
Staphylococcus aureus is resident in skin and nasal membranes with a formidable pathogenic potential to cause a variety of community and hospital acquired infections. This authoritative survey covers the impact of genome sequences into our understanding of MRSA and MSSA pathogenesis. World specialists from America, Germany, Japan, Sweden and the UK contribute knowledge and experience which will be welcome to researchers, practitioners and postgraduate students of immunology, microbiology, bacteriology and pharmacology worldwide. An authoritative survey that covers the impact of genome sequences into the understanding of MRSA and MSSA pathogenesis World specialists from America, Germany, Japan, Sweden and the UK contribute knowledge and experience
| Author | : Shymaa Enany |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 236 |
| Release | : 2017-03-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9535129813 |
Staphylococcus was first recognized as a human pathogen in 1880 and was named for its grape cluster-like appearance. In 1884, Staphylococcus aureus was identified and named for its vibrant golden color, which was later found to be the result of golden toxin production. Here, experts examine in-depth patterns of S. aureus colonization and exposures in humans, mammals, and birds that have led to the development of various clinical diseases. The mode of transmission of S. aureus and different methods for its detection in different samples are defined. Conventional antibiotic options to treat this aggressive, multifaceted, and readily adaptable pathogen are becoming limited. Alternative, novel chemotherapeutics to target S. aureus are discussed in the pages within, including herbal medicines, bee products, and modes of delivery.
| Author | : Akio Nakane |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 207 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9819994284 |
| Author | : Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha |
| Publisher | : Nova Science Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : Molecular epidemiology |
| ISBN | : 9781631179389 |
The book covers updated topics on the genus Staphylococcus, including the latest discoveries. In each chapter, the author discusses the results obtained and published during her 20-plus years as a researcher in this area. The book is divided into eight chapters, with a presentation of the genus Staphylococcus, current classification, general characteristics of these bacteria and the clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), which are often classified as mere blood culture contaminants, but are the etiological agents most commonly associated with neonatal infections and peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci can colonize the surface of catheters and produce an extracellular polysaccharide that leads to the formation of biofilms which potentiate their pathogenicity. The book also focuses on the identification of CoNS, virulence factors responsible for the symptoms and severity of infections caused by Staphylococcus spp. These factors include membrane-active toxins, called cytotoxins, and a group of pyrogenic toxin superantigens. Several current aspects related to the virulence of S. aureus and CoNS are discussed, including isolates of different origins, phenotypic and genotypic techniques for the detection of these toxins, and the gene regulation mechanism involved in the expression of these toxins. Another extremely important topic which is discussed is the resistance of these microorganisms to antimicrobial agents. MRSA currently represent a serious threat to public health worldwide due to the rapid dissemination and diversification of pandemic clones. The epidemiology of MRSA infections is discussed highlights the importance of understanding why specific clones predominated in different regions in order to develop more effective control strategies and to choose more appropriate antimicrobial therapy. In this book, the topics are explained in a clear and objective manner and should be useful for postgraduate students, physicians and researchers.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 643 |
| Release | : 1998-07-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080860567 |
Established almost 30 years ago, Methods in Microbiology is the most prestigious series devoted to techniques and methodology in the field. Now totally revamped, revitalized, with a new format and expanded scope, Methods in Microbiology will continue to provide you with tried and tested, cutting-edge protocols to directly benefit your research. Focuses on the methods most useful for the microbiologist interested in the way in which bacteria cause disease Includes section devoted to 'Approaches to characterising pathogenic mechanisms' by Stanley Falkow Covers safety aspects, detection, identification and speciation Includes techniques for the study of host interactions and reactions in animals and plants Describes biochemical and molecular genetic approaches Essential methods for gene expression and analysis Covers strategies and problems for disease control
| Author | : Vipin Chandra Kalia |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2016-08-23 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9788132235484 |
Microbial relationships with all life forms can be as free living, symbiotic or pathogenic. Human beings harbor 10 times more microbial cells than their own. Bacteria are found on the skin surface, in the gut and other body parts. Bacteria causing diseases are the most worrisome. Most of the infectious diseases are caused by bacterial pathogens with an ability to form biofilm. Bacteria within the biofilm are up to 1000 times more resistant to antibiotics. This has taken a more serious turn with the evolution of multiple drug resistant bacteria. Health Departments are making efforts to reduce high mortality and morbidity in man caused by them. Bacterial Quorum sensing (QS), a cell density dependent phenomenon is responsible for a wide range of expressions such as pathogenesis, biofilm formation, competence, sporulation, nitrogen fixation, etc. Majority of these organisms that are important for medical, agriculture, aquaculture, water treatment and remediation, archaeological departments are: Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Clostridia, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Yersinia spp. Biosensors and models have been developed to detect QS systems. Strategies for inhibiting QS system through natural and synthetic compounds have been presented here. The biotechnological applications of QS inhibitors (QSIs) in diverse areas have also been dealt with. Although QSIs do not affect growth and are less likely to impose selective pressure on bacteria, however, a few reports have raised doubts on the fate of QSIs. This book addresses a few questions. Will bacteria develop mechanisms to evade QSIs? Are we watching yet another defeat at the hands of bacteria? Or will we be acting intelligently and survive the onslaughts of this Never Ending battle?
