Models of Understanding Text

Models of Understanding Text
Author: Bruce K. Britton
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 375
Release: 2014-02-25
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317779665

What is text understanding? It is the dynamic process of constructing coherent representations and inferences at multiple levels of text and context, within the bottleneck of a limited-capacity working memory. The field of text and discourse has advanced to the point where researchers have developed sophisticated models of comprehension, and identified the particular assumptions that underlie comprehension mechanisms in precise analytical or mathematical detail. The models offer a priori predictions about thought and behavior, not merely ad hoc descriptions of data. Indeed, the field has evolved to a mature science. The contributors to this volume collectively cover the major models of comprehension in the field of text and discourse. Other books are either narrow -- covering only a single theoretical framework -- or do not focus on systematic modeling efforts. In addition, this book focuses on deep levels of understanding rather than language codes, syntax, and other shallower levels of text analysis. As such, it provides readers with up-to-date information on current psychological models specified in quantitative or analytical detail.

Models of Understanding Text

Models of Understanding Text
Author: Bruce K. Britton
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 378
Release: 2014-02-25
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317779657

What is text understanding? It is the dynamic process of constructing coherent representations and inferences at multiple levels of text and context, within the bottleneck of a limited-capacity working memory. The field of text and discourse has advanced to the point where researchers have developed sophisticated models of comprehension, and identified the particular assumptions that underlie comprehension mechanisms in precise analytical or mathematical detail. The models offer a priori predictions about thought and behavior, not merely ad hoc descriptions of data. Indeed, the field has evolved to a mature science. The contributors to this volume collectively cover the major models of comprehension in the field of text and discourse. Other books are either narrow -- covering only a single theoretical framework -- or do not focus on systematic modeling efforts. In addition, this book focuses on deep levels of understanding rather than language codes, syntax, and other shallower levels of text analysis. As such, it provides readers with up-to-date information on current psychological models specified in quantitative or analytical detail.

Understanding Search Engines

Understanding Search Engines
Author: Michael W. Berry
Publisher: SIAM
Total Pages: 134
Release: 2005-01-01
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780898718164

The second edition of Understanding Search Engines: Mathematical Modeling and Text Retrieval follows the basic premise of the first edition by discussing many of the key design issues for building search engines and emphasizing the important role that applied mathematics can play in improving information retrieval. The authors discuss important data structures, algorithms, and software as well as user-centered issues such as interfaces, manual indexing, and document preparation. Readers will find that the second edition includes significant changes that bring the text up to date on current information retrieval methods. For example, the authors have added a completely new chapter on link-structure algorithms used in search engines such as Google, and the chapter on user interface has been rewritten to specifically focus on search engine usability. To reflect updates in the literature on information retrieval, the authors have added new recommendations for further reading and expanded the bibliography. In addition, the index has been updated and streamlined to make it more reader friendly.

Understanding Models for Learning and Instruction:

Understanding Models for Learning and Instruction:
Author: Dirk Ifenthaler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 334
Release: 2008-02-22
Genre: Education
ISBN: 038776898X

The pioneering research and theories of Norbert Seel have had a profound impact on educational thought in mathematics. In this special tribute, an international panel of researchers presents the current state of model-based education: its research, methodology, and technology. Fifteen stimulating, sometimes playful chapters link the multiple ways of constructing knowledge to the complex real world of skill development. This synthesis of latest innovations and fresh perspectives on classic constructs makes the book cutting-edge reading for the researchers and educators in mathematics instruction building the next generation of educational models.

Understanding Language Understanding

Understanding Language Understanding
Author: Ashwin Ram
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 524
Release: 1999
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9780262181921

This book highlights cutting-edge research relevant to the building of a computational model of reading comprehension, as in the processing and understanding of a natural language text or story. The book takes an interdisciplinary approach to the study of reading, with contributions from computer science, psychology, and philosophy. Contributors cover the theoretical and psychological foundations of the research in discussions of what it means to understand a text, how one builds a computational model, and related issues in knowledge representation and reasoning. The book also addresses some of the broader issues that a natural language system must deal with, such as reading in context, linguistic novelty, and information extraction.

Understanding Expository Text

Understanding Expository Text
Author: Bruce K. Britton
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 374
Release: 2017-11-01
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1351584642

Originally published in 1985, the various chapters in this volume give examples of research on all three aspects of text understanding – namely, structure, world knowledge and process. More than this, however, the research described represents a shift in emphasis from studying stories, which dominated the field in the late 1970s, to studying expository text. This focus on stories was probably due to the essential first step in any science of examining the simplest materials possible. However, the editors thought that it was time to shift the research focus from stories to expository text and this volume is their attempt to provide this transition.

Aspects of Literary Comprehension

Aspects of Literary Comprehension
Author: Rolf A. Zwaan
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Total Pages: 201
Release: 1993-01-01
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 9027222177

Given the fact that there are widely different types of text, it is unlikely that every text is processed in the same way. It is assumed here that for each text type, proficient readers have developed a particular cognitive control system, which regulates the basic operations of text comprehension. The book focuses on the comprehension of literary texts, which involves specific cognitive strategies that enable the reader to respond flexibly to the indeterminacies of the literary reading situation. The study relies heavily on methods and theoretical conceptions from cognitive psychology and presents the results of experiments carried out with real readers. The results are not only relevant to research problems in literary theory, but also to the study of discourse comprehension in general.

Working with Text and Around Text in Foreign Language Environments

Working with Text and Around Text in Foreign Language Environments
Author: Halina Chodkiewicz
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 293
Release: 2016-06-28
Genre: Education
ISBN: 3319332724

This book investigates the three pivotal points of text for foreign language acquisition: reception, construction and deconstruction. In Part One, the focus is on various aspects of text reception, such as developing literacy, text interest, and perceptions of the academic register or the assessment of spoken language in educational contexts. Part Two deals with various aspects of composing text, such as author identity, lexical constructs or collaborative web-based writing. Lastly, Part Three presents the various segmental items that constitute text, like lexical clustering, L1/L2 relationship, classroom talk as text, etc. The division corresponds with what can be viewed as a logical sequence of text-related processes reflected in formal learning and teaching environments.

Interpretable Machine Learning

Interpretable Machine Learning
Author: Christoph Molnar
Publisher: Lulu.com
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2020
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0244768528

This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.

Handbook of Research on Reading Comprehension

Handbook of Research on Reading Comprehension
Author: Susan E. Israel
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 709
Release: 2014-06-03
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1317639677

Researchers of reading comprehension, literacy, educational psychology, psychology, and neuroscience are brought together for this handbook, to document and summarize the current body of research on theory, methods, instruction and assessment in reading comprehension.