Modeling Single Scattering and Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds

Modeling Single Scattering and Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1997
Genre:
ISBN:

The specific objective of this research has been the development and improvement of theoretical models to simulate the effect of nonsphericity on single scattering properties of cirrus cloud particles in the visible and infrared spectral regions. First, we have shown that using a matrix inversion scheme based on a special LU factorization rather than on the standard Gaussian elimination significantly improves the numerical stability of T-matrix computations for nonabsorbing and weakly absorbing nonspherical particles. Second, we use exact T-matrix computations and the Kirchhoff approximation to show that the delta function transmission peak predicted by the GO approximation for hexagonal ice crystals is an artifact of GO completely ignoring physical optics effects and must be convolved with the Fraunhofer pattern, thereby producing a phase function component with an angular profile similar to the standard diffraction component. Third, we have used the improved T-matrix method to compute the linear depolarization ration for polydispersions of randomly oriented ice spheroids, circular cylinders, and Chebyshev particles with sizes typical of young contrails. We have shown that ice crystals with effective radii as small as several tenths of a micron can already produce 3 exceeding 0.5 at visible wavelengths.

Cirrus

Cirrus
Author: David K. Lynch
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 516
Release: 2002-01-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780195351392

Cirrus clouds are high, thin, tropospheric clouds composed predominately of ice. In the last ten years, considerable work has shown that cirrus is widespread--more common than previously believed--and has a significant impact on climate and global change. As the next generation weather satellites are being designed, the impact of cirrus on remote sensing and the global energy budget must be recognized and accommodated. This book, the first to be devoted entirely to cirrus clouds, captures the state of knowledge of cirrus and serves as a practical handbook as well. Each chapter is based on an invited review talk presented at Cirrus, a meeting hosted by the Optical Society of America and co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society. All aspects of cirrus clouds are covered, an approach that reaches into diverse fields. Topics include: the definition of cirrus, cirrus climatologies, nucleation, evolution and dissipation, mixed-phase thermodynamics, crystallinity, orientation mechanisms, dynamics, scattering, radiative transfer, in situ sampling, processes that produce or influence cirrus (and vice versa), contrails, and the influence of cirrus on climate.

Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models

Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models
Author: Yangang Liu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 483
Release: 2023-12-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119528941

Improving weather and climate prediction with better representation of fast processes in atmospheric models Many atmospheric processes that influence Earth’s weather and climate occur at spatiotemporal scales that are too small to be resolved in large scale models. They must be parameterized, which means approximately representing them by variables that can be resolved by model grids. Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities explores ways to better investigate and represent multiple parameterized processes in models and thus improve their ability to make accurate climate and weather predictions. Volume highlights include: Historical development of the parameterization of fast processes in numerical models Different types of major sub-grid processes and their parameterizations Efforts to unify the treatment of individual processes and their interactions Top-down versus bottom-up approaches across multiple scales Measurement techniques, observational studies, and frameworks for model evaluation Emerging challenges, new opportunities, and future research directions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Microphysics of Clouds

Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Microphysics of Clouds
Author: Vitaly I. Khvorostyanov
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 801
Release: 2014-08-25
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1107016037

This book advances understanding of cloud microphysics and provides a unified theoretical foundation for modeling cloud processes, for researchers and advanced students.

Remote Sensing of Atmosphere and Ocean from Space: Models, Instruments and Techniques

Remote Sensing of Atmosphere and Ocean from Space: Models, Instruments and Techniques
Author: Frank S. Marzano
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2006-04-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0306481502

This book is a collection of the lectures, held at the International Summer School ISSAOS-2000 in L'Aquila (Italy), given by invited lecturers coming from both Europe and the USA. The goal of the book is to provide a broad panorama of spaceborne remote sensing techniques, at both microwave and visible-infrared bands and by both active and passive sensors, for the retrieval of atmospheric and oceanic parameters. A significant emphasis is given to the physical modeling background, instrument potential and limitations, inversion methods and applications. Topics on international remote sensing programs and assimilation techniques into numerical weather forecast models are also touched. The main purpose of the book is to offer to young scientists, Ph.D. or equivalent students, and to all who would like to have a broad-spectrum understanding of spaceborne remote sensing capabilities, introductory material to each remote sensing topic written by the most qualified experts in the field.

Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions

Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions
Author: Peter V. Hobbs
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 259
Release: 1993-07-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080959962

Aerosol and clouds play important roles in determining the earth's climate, in ways that we are only beginning to comprehend. In conjunction with molecular scattering from gases, aerosol and clouds determine in part what fraction of solar radiation reaches the earth's surface, and what fraction of the longwave radiation from the earth escapes to space. This book provides an overview of the latest research on atmospheric aerosol and clouds and their effects on global climate. Subjects reviewed include the direct and indirect effects of aerosol on climate, the radiative properties of clouds and their effects on the Earth's radiation balance, the incorporation of cloud effects in numerical weather prediction models, and stratospheric aerosol and clouds.

Clouds and Their Climatic Impact

Clouds and Their Climatic Impact
Author: Sylvia Sullivan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 371
Release: 2023-12-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119700310

Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts Clouds are an influential and complex element of Earth’s climate system. They evolve rapidly in time and exist over small spatial scales, but also affect global radiative balance and large-scale circulations. With more powerful models and extensive observations now at our disposal, the climate impact of clouds is receiving ever more research attention. Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts: Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation presents an overview of our current understanding on various types of clouds and cloud systems and their multifaceted role in the radiative budget, circulation patterns, and rainfall. Volume highlights include: Interactions of aerosol with both liquid and ice clouds Surface and atmospheric cloud radiative feedbacks and effects Arctic, extratropical, and tropical clouds Cloud-circulation coupling at global, meso, and micro scales Precipitation efficiency, phase, and measurements The role of machine learning in understanding clouds and climate The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.