Modeling And Simulation Of A Ventilated Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal Bipv T Envelope
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| Author | : Syamimi Saadon |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 7 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The demand of energy consumed by human kind has been growing significantly over the past 30 years. Therefore, various actions are taken for the development of renewable energy and in particular solar energy. Many technological solutions have then been proposed, such as solar PV/T collectors whose objective is to improve the PV panels performance by recovering the heat lost with a heat removal fluid. The research for the improvement of the thermal and electrical productivities of these components has led to the gradual integration of the solar components into building in order to improve their absorbing area. Among technologies capable to produce electricity locally without con-tributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) releases is building integrated PV systems (BIPV). However, when exposed to intense solar radiation, the temperature of PV modules increases significantly, leading to a reduction in efficiency so that only about 14% of the incident radiation is converted into electrical energy. The high temperature also decreases the life of the modules, thereby making passive cooling of the PV components through natural convection a desirable and cost-effective means of overcoming both difficulties. A numerical model of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of natural convection of air is therefore undertaken so as to provide reliable information for the design of BIPV. A simplified numerical model is used to model the PVT collector so as to gain an understanding of the complex processes involved in cooling of integrated photovoltaic arrays in double-skin building surfaces. This work addresses the numerical simulation of a semi-transparent, ventilated PV façade designed for cooling in summer (by natural convection) and for heat recovery in winter (by mechanical ventilation). For both configurations, air in the cavity between the two building skins (photovoltaic façade and the primary building wall) is heated by transmission through transparent glazed sections, and by convective and radiative exchange. The system is simulated with the aid of a reduced-order multi-physics model adapted to a full scale arrangement operating under real conditions and developed for the TRNSYS software environment. Validation of the model and the subsequent simulation of a building-coupled system are then presented, which were undertaken using experimental data from the RESSOURCES project (ANR-PREBAT 2007). This step led, in the third chapter to the calculation of the heating and cooling needs of a simulated building and the investigation of impact of climatic variations on the system performance. The results have permitted finally to perform the exergy and exergoeconomic analysis.
| Author | : Edvinas Bigaila |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
There is a significant amount of research on air-based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar collectors. However, the installed area of all air-based solar thermal systems is only 1% compared to all solar thermal systems installed. With open-loop mechanically ventilated air-based building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) collectors, the silicon based photovoltaic panels can be operated at close to optimal power production levels all year long, without overheating in summer. In efficient, highly insulated and airtight buildings, requirements for fresh air are higher, thus solar air collectors integrated with high efficient envelopes and HVAC systems are an important part of a highly efficient building. This thesis is focused on development of a BIPV design methodology for solar façade applications in building envelope retrofit projects with BIPV, BIPV/T, STPV (semitransparent photovoltaics), BIPV shading devices and double skin façades with BIPV glazing. A BIPV/T assisted heat pump system and a radiant panel with short term phase change thermal storage with PCM (RPCMP) is also studied as a potential retrofit system. The retrofit methodology is applied to a case study office building, demonstrating that the solar façade application can contribute to energy consumption reduction in perimeter zones by up to 84%. Cases with the most promising techno-economic results demonstrate the possibility to reach energy consumption reductions by up to 56%. The most promising case selection was done using the proposed methodology employing the Net Present Value/Investment ratio over the energy savings cost ratio. Different design options are shown to be feasible for different climatic regions of Canada. A model with Simulink/Matlab was developed for design, optimization and operational performance studies of a novel concept for a prefabricated façade module, which consists of an air-based building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) solar collector assisting a small scale decentralized exhaust heat pump integrated in or linked to façade in which heating of a perimeter zone in an office building is supplied through a radiant panel. Fresh air could be supplied by an air-based BIPV/T system in a displacement ventilation mode and extracted through central exhaust or decentralized heat recovery ventilator. With the developed model annual simulations for Prairies climate, show that there is a potential to reach net-zero energy targets for the perimeter zone with this solution. The model for the perimeter zone studies was incorporated into the existing Simulink toolbox CARNOT (2017) for future work on the system and control optimization.
| Author | : Tingting Yang |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 204 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This thesis investigates air-based building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems. A building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system converts solar energy into electricity and useful heat, while also serving as the functional exterior layer of the building envelope and thereby achieving the design of net-zero energy buildings. A comprehensive literature survey of a variety of BIPV/T systems points out the need to develop enhanced air-based BIPV/T systems with aesthetical and mechanical requirements taken into account. This thesis examines improved designs of open-loop air-based BIPV/T systems both numerically and experimentally. A BIPV/T design with two inlets was proposed and a prototype using custom-made frameless PV modules was constructed for feasibility validation. The experiments were performed using a solar irradiance simulator and included testing under varying irradiance levels, flow rates and wind speeds. Experimental results validated that the two-inlet BIPV/T concept improved thermal efficiency by 5% compared to a conventional single-inlet system. Detailed BIPV/T channel air temperature measurements showed that the mixing of the warm outlet air from the first section and the cool ambient air drawn in from the second inlet contributes to the improved performance of the two-inlet system. The heat transfer characteristics in the BIPV/T channel between air and PV panel was studied through the development of Nusselt number correlations. Comparative tests were also conducted on a prototype using opaque mono-crystalline PV modules and a prototype using semi-transparent mono-crystalline PV modules. Results showed that applying semi-transparent PV modules (with 80% module area covered by solar cells) in BIPV/T systems increased thermal efficiency (ratio between the thermal energy recovered by the channel air and solar energy incident on the upper surface of PV) by up to 7.6% compared to opaque ones, particularly when combined with multiple inlets. A variation of this two-inlet BIPV/T design that includes a vertical solar air heater embedded with a packing material (wire mesh) was presented and analyzed. The additional solar air heater receives high amount of solar energy during the winter period when solar altitude is low, enabling the outlet air to be heated to a higher temperature. A lumped parameter thermal network model of this BIPV/T system was verified using experimental data obtained for a single-inlet BIPV/T prototype. Simulation results indicate that the application of two inlets on a BIPV/T collector increases thermal efficiency by about 5% and increases electrical efficiency marginally. An added vertical glazed solar air collector improves the thermal efficiency by about 8%, and the improvement is more significant with wire mesh packing in the collector by an increase of about 10%. A case study is performed using this lumped thermal model and showed that the thermal efficiency of a BIPV/T roof of an existing solar house is improved by 7% with four air inlets. In conclusion, this thesis presents validated models for the design of open-loop BIPV/T air systems with multiple inlets and possibly semi-transparent PV covers.
| Author | : Li Ma |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
With the growing concerns about climate change, Northern Canada is aiming to adopt a "net-zero ready" model building code by 2030. Northern Canada has its unique environmental loads and challenges - namely, the extremely cold climate and the high expense, as the north imports most of its materials and fuel from the south. Significant energy savings could be achieved by optimizing the design of building envelopes and integrating solar design strategies, with a little added construction cost. This thesis focuses on optimizing the passive solar design parameters and the use of thermal and electrical energy from building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system as moves toward net-zero energy housing in northern Canada. A reference house representing the typical residential building in northern regions is modeled in EnergyPlus software to study the building design parameters, including thermal resistance of the building envelope, thermal mass, window-wall ratio, shading schedule and ventilation rate. The optimization is carried out by coupling EnergyPlus and Matlab using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The optimal house under a 25-year life cycle in Yellowknife, NWT, could achieve a 46% energy savings with an initial construction cost increase of 10%. Based on this optimized house, the optimal use of thermal energy produced by a BIPV/T system is evaluated by integration with the space heating system, heat recovery ventilation (HRV) and air-source heat pump (ASHP). Simulation results show that a BIPV/T system with a space heating system can reduce total energy consumption by 15.5%, a BIPV/T system with a HRV could decrease the frost risk time by 8.8% and defrost time by 7.8%, and a BIPV/T system with an ASHP could extend the ASHP working period by 128 hours and increase the annual COP about 2.5%.
| Author | : Andreas Athienitis |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 396 |
| Release | : 2015-01-26 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3433604630 |
Building energy design is currently going through a period of major changes. One key factor of this is the adoption of net-zero energy as a long term goal for new buildings in most developed countries. To achieve this goal a lot of research is needed to accumulate knowledge and to utilize it in practical applications. In this book, accomplished international experts present advanced modeling techniques as well as in-depth case studies in order to aid designers in optimally using simulation tools for net-zero energy building design. The strategies and technologies discussed in this book are, however, also applicable for the design of energy-plus buildings. This book was facilitated by International Energy Agency's Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Programs and the Energy in Buildings and Communities (EBC) Programs through the joint SHC Task 40/EBC Annex 52: Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings R&D collaboration. After presenting the fundamental concepts, design strategies, and technologies required to achieve net-zero energy in buildings, the book discusses different design processes and tools to support the design of net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs). A substantial chapter reports on four diverse NZEBs that have been operating for at least two years. These case studies are extremely high quality because they all have high resolution measured data and the authors were intimately involved in all of them from conception to operating. By comparing the projections made using the respective design tools with the actual performance data, successful (and unsuccessful) design techniques and processes, design and simulation tools, and technologies are identified. Written by both academics and practitioners (building designers) and by North Americans as well as Europeans, this book provides a very broad perspective. It includes a detailed description of design processes and a list of appropriate tools for each design phase, plus methods for parametric analysis and mathematical optimization. It is a guideline for building designers that draws from both the profound theoretical background and the vast practical experience of the authors.
| Author | : Luis Miguel Candanedo Ibarra |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal Systems (BIPV/T) systems are photovoltaic installations incorporated as the exterior layer of the building envelope with the additional function of recovering thermal energy, which can then be used for space heating, domestic water heating and possibly for cooling. Some advantages of a BIPV/T system over an autonomous PV array include lower installation costs due to the replacement of cladding material, elimination of extra support structures and reduced electrical transmission losses. In addition, recovering the heat from the photovoltaic panels cools them and thus improves their electrical efficiency. Due to the novelty of BIPV/T systems, there is a need for the measurement of convective heat transfer coefficients and development of correlations for their prediction. The development of an integrated energy model, including correlations for the prediction of convective heat transfer coefficients in BIPV/T systems was one of the main objectives of this thesis. Accurate measurements of convective heat transfer coefficients have been carried out for two open loop BIPV/T configurations: smooth and ribbed. The BIPV/T systems were tested at 30°-45° tilt angles and had a length/hydraulic diameter ratio of 38 which is representative of roof applications. It was found that for the BIPV/T ribbed case, the calculated Nusselt numbers are on average 2.6 times higher than the Nusselt numbers predicted by the Dittus-Boelter correlation. Pressure drop measurements were performed for the two configurations and the results are presented in terms of the Darcy friction factors and compared to the Blasius equation. For both cases, the friction factors are higher compared to the ones predicted by the Blasius equation. Previous existing electrical photovoltaic models have been used to couple their features to the lumped parameter thermal network modelling approach used in this thesis. Two thermal network models, steady state and transient, have been developed in this work and validated against experimental data. The steady state model is useful for a quick evaluation of the thermal/electrical performance, while the transient model gives a more accurate representation of the system by considering the thermal storage capacity of the materials. Finally, conclusions and general recommendations and guidelines for the design and construction of BIVP/T systems are provided.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 92 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 1428918043 |
| Author | : Huiming Yin |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 601 |
| Release | : 2021-10-26 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128210656 |
Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal Systems: Fundamentals, Designs, and Applications presents various applications, system designs, manufacturing, and installation techniques surrounding how to build integrated photovoltaics. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of all system components, long-term performance and testing, and the commercialization of building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) systems. By addressing potential obstacles with current photovoltaic (PV) systems, such as efficiency bottlenecks and product heat harvesting, the authors not only cover the fundamentals and design philosophy of the BIPVT technology, but also introduce a hybrid system for building integrated thermal electric roofing. Topics covered in Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal Systems are useful for scientists and engineers in the fields of photovoltaics, electrical and civil engineering, materials science, sustainable energy harvesting, solar energy, and renewable energy production. Contains system integration methods supported by industry developments Includes real-life examples and functional projects as case studies for comparison Covers system design challenges, offering unique solutions
| Author | : Andrés Julián Aristizábal Cardona |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 150 |
| Release | : 2018-01-02 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3319719319 |
This book discusses building-integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV) and provides solutions for solving problems related to designing, sizing and monitoring a BIPV that has been used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope such as the roof, skylights or facades. The book begins by introducing the basics to readers interested in learning about this technology and then outlines in an accessible way, a practical development plan for the installation and monitoring of these systems in residential, industrial, and commercial buildings. Chapters discuss the needs of installing, designing, and sizing and provide a financial analysis for a successful implementation of a BIPV system. This book is a useful tool for renewable energy designers, energy contractors, architects, government institutions, and those in the academic community who are interested in seamlessly integrating solar panels into the construction phase of new building projects or retrofitted into existing buildings.
| Author | : Siliang Yang |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2022 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : |
Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) replaces building envelope materials and provides electric power generator, which has aroused great interest for those in the fields of energy conservation and building design. Double-skin fa√ßade (DSF) has attracted significant attention over the last three decades due to its bi-layer structure, which improves thermal and acoustic insulation and therefore increases the energy efficiency and thermal comfort of buildings. It is hypothesised that the integration of BIPV and DSF (BIPV-DSF) would help buildings in reducing energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort concurrently. However, the prototype of the BIPV-DSF has not been well explored. Thus, the investigations of the BIPV-DSF are worthwhile. Numerical simulation is a cost and time effective measure for the design and analysis of buildings. This chapter spells out a comprehensive method of numerical simulation modelling of the novel BIPV-DSF system in buildings, which is carried out by using a graphically based design tool ,Äì TRNSYS and its plugins. TRNSYS has been validated and widely used in both the BIPV and building related research activities, which are capable in analysing the effects of BIPV-DSF on building performance such as energy consumption and indoor thermal condition.
